Chemical speciation of redox sensitive elements during hydrocarbon leaching in the Junggar Basin,Northwest China |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China;2. Key Laboratory of Earth’s Deep Interior, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China;3. Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan;4. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan;1. Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, India, 400076;2. Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica P.O. Box 1-55, Nankang Taipei, 11529 Taiwan;1. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China;2. University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, JinZhai Road, Baohe District, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China;3. Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;4. Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1, Beichen West Road, Beijing, 100101, China;5. Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK;1. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;2. University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. Key Laboratory of Economic Stratigraphy and Palaeogeography, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;4. Steinmann Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany;5. Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK;1. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;2. University of Science and Technology of China, No 96 JinZhai Road Baohe District, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China;3. Key Laboratory of Economic Stratigraphy and Palaeogeography, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;1. School of Geography Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK;2. Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research & Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, CH-3013, Bern, Switzerland;3. Alaska Stable Isotope Facility, Water and Environmental Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA;4. College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA;5. Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland;1. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China;2. University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;3. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization & Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China;4. Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China;5. Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK |
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| Abstract: | Bleaching related to seepage of petroleum fluids and subsurface migration of crude oil and natural gas can alter the chemical and mineralogical properties of rocks, while concurrently depleting hydrocarbon reservoirs. Mud volcanoes constitute one type of petroleum seepage present in several areas on the southern margin of the Junggar Basin in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, NW China. The results of XRD, XRF, XANES, and Mössbauer spectroscopy on rock samples collected from areas affected by these mud volcanoes revealed an enrichment of certain minerals and elements, as well changes in mineralogical, molecular, or ionic carrier (“species”). After bleaching, reddish sedimentary rocks showed depletion in silica and enrichment of calcium, magnesium, manganese, and iron. Other elements, including aluminum, potassium, sodium, and titanium, were largely unchanged. Reduced iron and sulfur compounds predominated in the bleached rocks, producing changes in color from the original reddish into green, deep gray, and black. Iron and calcium were associated with carbonates, indicating carbonation of these elements during the bleaching processes. Manganese also appeared to be associated with carbonate, though not with sulfate even though sulfate was present in the bleached rocks. Alkaline conditions were apparently the dominant because reduced manganese would have been absent under acidic condition. The alteration of certain minerals, clay minerals in particular, was also observed in bleached rocks, the alteration of smectite-group minerals to chlorite and muscovite, for example. Mineralogical and geochemical changes in rocks bleached by hydrocarbon fluids could provide a better overall understanding of bleaching processes, and may have applications in surface geochemical exploitation and remote imaging. |
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