西藏扎布耶盐湖太阳池中富锂混盐的矿物学与地球化学特征及意义

扎布耶盐湖是全球最独特的自然结晶扎布耶石(Li2CO3)的盐湖。该盐湖正在开发利用中,2020年产富锂混盐4500吨。实验所采取的样品是通过“盐梯度太阳池”技术结晶出来的10件富锂混盐。通过对采集的样品进行X射线衍射、扫描电镜、电感耦合等离子质谱法、离子色谱法和滴定法的测试,得到了矿物组成的成分和化学元素组成含量数据,扎布耶盐湖太阳池富锂混盐中的物相组成有扎布耶石、钾石盐、石盐、氯碳钠镁石、天然碱、钾芒硝、菱锰矿、石英这8种,其中菱锰矿是首次从富锂混盐中发现的矿物,扎布耶石的含量为24.10%-88.27%,平均为62.89%,是该盐湖中含量最高的矿物。测试的样品中Li含量4.56%-16.70%,平均为11.90%;K+含量为0.14%-10.17%,平均为2.42%; KCl的含量为0.26%-20.44%,平均为4.63%(工业品位1%)。该混盐的结构和构造的形成受温度和水流的影响,温度越高碳酸锂的结晶速率越快,碳酸锂的晶核生长速率和晶粒大小与温度呈正相关。扎布耶盐湖二期工程预计年产20000吨碳酸锂,其中利用膜法生产12000吨;利用太阳池技术生产8000吨,预计年产出12700吨的富锂混盐,可以产出约600吨氯化钾,建议进行综合利用。

The mineralogical and geochemical characteristics and significance of lithium-rich mixed salt in the solar pool of Zabuye Salt Lake, Tibet

Zabuye Salt Lake is the world''s most unique salt lake of natural crystal Zabuyelite (Li2CO3). The salt lake is being utilized, and it will produce 4500 tons of lithium-rich mixed salt in 2020. The samples used in the experiment are 10 lithium-rich mixed salts which crystallized through the "salt gradient solar pool" technology. Through diffraction of x-rays, scanning electron microscope, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ion chromatography and titration tests on the collected samples, the mineral composition and chemical element composition content data are obtained. The composition of lithium-rich mixed salts include zabuyelite, sylvite, halite, northupite, trona, glaserite, rhodochrosite, and quartz. Among them, rhodochrosite is the first time from lithium-rich mixed salt. The average content of Zabuyelite is 62.89%, which is the highest mineral content in the lithium-rich mixed salts . The average content of Li+ is 11.90%; the average content of K+ is 2.42%;the average content of KCl is 4.63% (industrial grade 1%),It has huge utilization value The second phase of the Zabuye Salt Lake project is expected to produce 20,000 tons of lithium carbonate per year, of which 12000 tons are produced by membrane method; 8000 tons are produced by solar pond technology, and the annual output is expected to be 12,700 tons of lithium-rich mixed salt, which can produce about 600 tons of Potassium chloride,recommend for comprehensive utilization.