南京城市森林景观格局特征与空间结构优化

城市森林研究是一个新兴的研究领域, 城市森林的景观生态学研究是城市森林研究的必然发展趋势和重要内容。首先根据景观生态分类法的思想和原则, 将城市森林景观分为2 个类型4 个亚型, 然后综合运用RS 和GIS 技术进行南京城市森林景观类型空间信息调查, 获取城市森林景观类型分布图及类型空间属性数据。在此基础上, 以定量和定性相结合的方法分析城市森林景观格局特征, 并提出城市森林景观空间结构优化的措施和建议。研究认为, 南京城市森林景观具有总覆盖度适宜, 空间分布的区域差异极为突出, 大型半自然和近自然 林斑块是景观主体, 景观生态系统的形成、分布和类型分异与自然环境的地域分异密切相关, 人类对景观干扰作用强等特点, 而因地制宜的构建基于" 集中与分散相结合原则" 的总体结构优化模式是南京城市森林景观发展的主导方向, 设计不同尺度和等级规模的景观廊道是景观建设的主要任务, 加强生态敏感部位景观斑块建设是关键措施。

Char acter istics of Urban For est Landscape Pattern and Optimization of Urban For est Spatial Structur e: A Case Study of Nanjing City

Urban forest research is a rising research area. One of the trends of urban forest research is researching urban forest by using landscape ecological methods. Landscape pattern analysis is the basis of urban forest landscape ecological researches. By utilizing RS and GIS technologies and theories and methods of landscape ecology and vegetation ecology, we analyzed the characteristics of the urban forest landscape pattern of Nanjing city, and discussed the ways and methods for urban forest landscape ecological researches. The main content and results of this paper are as follows: (1) Based on the landscape ecological classification principles, two urban forest landscape types and four subtypes were identified; (2) urban forest classification survey was carried out, and urban forest landscape distribution maps and spatial attribution data were obtained by using RS and GIS technologies; and (3) choosing a set of indices of landscape spatial pattern, the characteristics of the urban forest landscape pattern of the study area were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. On the basis of these characteristics, we put forward some measures and suggestions for the urban forest landscape planning and construction. We think that the Nanjing urban forest has the following characteristics: proper coverage, higher naturality, higher fragmentation, and intensive disturbance by human activities. We also think that the large landscape patches of high naturality should be strictly protected and the design of landscape corridors of different scales is a key measure for the urban forest to effectively perform its landscape ecological functions.