Origin and abundance of marine litter along sandy beaches of the Turkish Western Black Sea Coast |
| |
| Institution: | 1. OMA – Observatório do Mar dos Açores, Fábrica da Baleia de Porto Pim, Monte da Guia, 9900 Horta, Faial, Portugal;2. MFRC – Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology (GMIT), Dublin Road, Galway, Ireland;3. OKEANOS - Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal;4. IMAR – Instituto do Mar, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal;5. DRAM – Direção Regional dos Assuntos do Mar/Regional Directorate for Sea Affairs, Secretaria Regional do Mar, Ciência e Tecnologia, Colónia Alemã – Apartado 9, 9900-014 Horta, Faial, Portugal;1. Mediterranean Information Office for Environment, Culture and Sustainable Development (MIO-ECSDE), Athens, Greece;2. Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Chioggia, Italy;3. Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Oceanography, Anavyssos, Greece;4. Regional Agency for Environmental Prevention and Energy in the Emilia-Romagna region (ARPAE), Cesenatico, Italy;5. Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (IOF), Split, Croatia;6. Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia (IWRS), Ljubljana, Slovenia;7. Institute of Marine Biology (IBM), Kotor, Montenegro;8. Association Sunce, Split, Croatia;9. Agricultural University of Tirana (AUT), Tirana, Albania;10. Hydro-Engineering Institute of the Faculty of Civil Engineering (HEIS), Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;11. National Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics (OGS), Trieste, Italy |
| |
| Abstract: | Beach debris abundance was estimated from surveys on 10 beaches of the Turkish Western Black Sea Coast. Debris was collected from 20 m long transects during four different seasons; sorted and categorized by type, usage and origin. Litter density varied from 0.085 to 5.058 items m?2. Debris was mainly composed of unidentifiable small size (2–7 cm) plastic pieces and beverage-related litter such as bottles and bottle caps. About half of the labeled litter was of foreign origin, including 25 different countries, 23% of which are in the Black Sea region.The south-western Black Sea Coast seems to receive foreign litter from two main sources: land-based debris from the neighboring countries and seaborne debris due to international shipping. Standardized methodology and indicators need to be designated all over the Black Sea basin in order to quantify and qualify coastal litter pollution, monitor compliance with MARPOL and develop regionally effective mitigation measures. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
