N-15 Identification of nonpoint sources of nitrate contamination beneath cropland in the Nebraska Panhandle: two case studies |
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| Institution: | 1. Integrated Science Education and Research Centre (ISERC), Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal 731235, India;2. Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar 824236, India;1. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India;2. Geoscience Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380009, India;1. Institute for Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria;2. Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center of Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany;3. Chair of Hydrogeology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany;4. Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre of the research unit Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center of Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany;5. The Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Germany;6. Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center of Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Monitoring of municipal wells near the town of Sidney and domestic wells near Oshkosh in Nebraska's Panhandle indicated the nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) levels were increasing and exceeded the maximum contaminant level of 10 mg/l NO3-N in several wells. Both areas are located in narrow stream valleys that are characterized by well-drained soils, highly permeable intermediate vadose zones, shallow depths to groundwater, and intensive irrigated corn production. Both areas also have a large confined cattle feeding operation near the suspected contamination and potentially could be contaminated by more than on nitrate source.At Sidney NO3-N concentrations were measured in 13 monitoring wells installed along an east-west transect im the direction of groundwater flow, 26 private wells, and eight municipal wells. Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations were homogeneous beneath a 5 km by 1.2 km area and averaged 11.3 ± 1.8 mg/l NO3-N. The δ15N-NO3 values in the monitoring and municipal wells had a narrow range from +5.8 to +8.8%. The isotopic ratios are indicative of a mixed source of nitrate contamination, which originates from agronomic (commercial fertilizer N and mineralized N) N and animal waste. Both commercial fertilizer N and animal wastes are applied to the irrigated fields.Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in two multilevel samplers installed downgradient from irrigated cornfields at the Oshkosh site averaged 20.1 ± 13.3 mg/l NO3-N and 37.3 ± 8.2 mg/l NO3-N. The δ15N-NO3 values spanned a narrow range from +3.5 to +5.9% and averaged +4.0 ± 0.5% and +5.0 ± 0.6%. These low values are indicative of leachates from commercial fertilizer applied to the irrigated fields. |
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