轮古西地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩古暗河系统地震特征分析

塔里木盆地轮古地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩古潜山内发现了大量岩溶缝洞型油藏,油气主要富集在缝洞储层中,这些缝洞储层主要跟碳酸盐岩古潜山内的古暗河系统有关。特别是在轮古西地区,古暗河系统最为发育,古暗河系统缝洞储层在纵、横向上具有较强的非均质性,搞清该区古暗河系统地震地质特征,是该区缝洞型油藏高效开发的关键。根据现代岩溶暗河特征,结合该区测井和钻井资料,建立暗河地质模型,开展模型正演模拟研究。研究结果表明,在致密灰岩背景下发育的地下暗河系统在地震剖面上表现为连续线性的强反射特征,暗河高度、宽度变窄,地震振幅变弱。地震上振幅越强,表明对应的暗河洞穴越大、充填物速度越低;振幅属性可以较准确地刻画地震上暗河的横向范围,频率、相位属性可以刻画地震上暗河的轮廓,但刻画的范围比实际暗河要大;暗河系统主河道易被泥质充填,分支暗河道被充填的概率低,是暗河储层发育的主要场所,也是油气富集的主要地区。

Seismic characteristics of the paleo-underground river system in Ordovician carbonate paleo-buried hills in the western Lungu area

Many karst fracture-vug reservoirs have been found in the Ordovician carbonate paleo-buried hills in the Lungu area,Tarim Basin.Hydrocarbons are mainly enriched in these fracture-vug reservoirs,which are mainly related to the paleo-underground river system in carbonate paleo-buried hills.The paleo-underground river system is well developed,especially in the western Lungu area.The fracture-vug reservoirs related to the paleo-underground river system have strong longitudinal and lateral heterogeneity,and ascertaining the seismic and geological characteristics of the paleo-underground river system in this area is the key to the efficient development of fracture-vug reservoirs in this area.Based on the characteristics of modern karst underground rivers and the log and drilling data of this area,this study established a geological model of underground rivers for forward modeling.The study results are as follows.The underground river system developing under the tight limestone setting showed continuously linear strong reflections on the seismic profile.The seismic amplitude decreased as the height and width of underground rivers decreased,and higher seismic amplitude corresponded to larger underground river caves and lower filling velocity.The amplitude can accurately characterize the horizontal range of the underground river on the seismic profile.Meanwhile,the frequency and phase can describe the outline of the underground river on the seismic profile,but the outline described was larger than that of the real underground river.The main channels of the underground river system were prone to be filled with mud.By contrast,the branch channels had a low filling probability and thus serve as the main areas for both the occurrence of underground river reservoirs and the hydrocarbon accumulation.