徐州煤矿区土地利用格局演变分析

利用徐州东矿区1979年、1987年、2001年三个年份的遥感影像分析了矿区景观要素及其景观格局的变化规律。从1979年到1987年,沉陷积水面积增加299.35%,农用地减少7.83%,建设用地增加48.4%。从1987年到2001年,东矿区农用地减少了13.04%,建设用地增加了37.62%,而沉陷积水区增加了137.26%;农用地的9.55%转变为建设用地,5.15%转变为沉陷积水区;建设用地的5.25%转变为农用地,主要集中于报废矿井工业广场附近,是由于部分地方小煤矿关闭后,一些废弃物堆场得到了复垦,3.21%转变为沉陷积水区,主要也是分布在各矿工业广场附近;有14.86%的沉陷积水区转变为农用地,主要位于原沉陷积水区的边缘部分,有10.88%转变为建设用地,主要集中在韩桥矿和权台矿的工业广场范围内。因此,应该加强对沉陷积水区的复垦和综合治理,因地制宜发展生态农业、养殖业、林业、牧业及其加工业,最大限度地利用土地资源。

Land Use Changes in Xuzhou Coal Mining Area

The changing rules of the landscape elements and their distribution in east Xuzhou coal mining area are analyzed by means of remote sensing images obtained in 1979, 1987 and 2001. From 1987 to 2001, the land area for urbanization and industrial purpose got expanded; the intensity of construction was becoming higher and higher; the waterlogged area resulted from mining subsidence increased; and the lands covered by plants decreased. About 9.55% of the farmland was transformed into construction land and 5.15% into waterlogged land. About 5.25% of the construction land was converted into farmlands by reclamation, being mainly derilict mining sites; and 3.21% into waterlogged land, being mainly located near mining industrial square. Some 14.86% of the subsided waterlogged land was reclaimed into farmland, being mainly located near the edge of the subsiding basin with less subsidence; and 10.88% into construction land, being mainly located near Hanqiao and Quantai coal mining industrial squares. Generally speaking, the area of farmland decreased 13.04%, construction land increased 37.62% and waterlogged land resulted from mining subsidence increased 137.62%. So, according to the land condition, it is very important to reclaim and reuse subsided waterlogged land effectively for different purposes, such as eco-agriculture, aquaculture, forestry, animal husbandry and processing industry.