中国城市资本密度空间变化与机制——以兰州市为例

构建了计划经济时期和转轨期中国城市资本密度空间分布的理论模型,并与市场经济体制的同类模型了对比研究,以兰州市为例,利用高精度卫星影像和大规模实地调查方法获取数据,采用GIS和数理统计方法,利用容积率指标,分区、分行业进行了实证研究。结果表明:市场经济体制、计划经济体制和转轨期中国城市资本密度由中心到外围的空间变化规律并不相同,而后者居于前两者之间,存在向市场经济空间模型靠近的趋势;计划经济体制、转轨期的中国城市土地利用由中心到外围为商务→住宅→工业→农业模式;转轨期容积率比计划经济时期均有不同程度提高,住宅、商务等建筑容积率的空间分布模型更接近市场经济体制下的模型;住宅、商务、工业等建筑容积率依次递减在一定程度上解释了住宅、商务用地的向心分布和工业用地外迁的现象。

The spatial change of urban capital density and its mechanism in China: A case study of Lanzhou

The theoretically spatial distributions of urban capital density of Market Economic Pattern, Command Economic Pattern, and (Chinese) Transforming Economic Pattern from command economy to market economy have been studied and compared. Then, using building cubage rate index, the demonstration of Lanzhou from its districts and different uses of buildings has been done by applying the data based on the high precision satellite image and methods of massive fieldwork lasting more than six months and of GIS technology and maths statistics lasting about 18 months. The conclusions below have been summarized. Firstly, the urban capital density of Market Economic Pattern goes down spatially from their centers to peripheries but one of Command Economic Pattern is balancing or descending slowly or even ascending. However, the trend of urban capital density of (Chinese) Transforming Economic Pattern from command economy to market economy is in the midst of them. Secondly, the urban spatial use of command economy in China presents commerce-residence-industry-agriculture from center to periphery that is greatly different from market economy. Whereas the same pattern still occurs in the period of Chinese Transforming Economic Pattern. Thirdly, the phenomena that high and lower building cubage rates coexist at small space scale widely in Lanzhou are related with difficult changes of land use and lower operation of market economy mechanism and so on. Finally, the trend of spatial distribution pattern of residential and commercial building cubage rates is now close to that of market economy owing to high marketing behavior of both residential building and commercial building where cubage rates are higher than the others.