基于三种信息源的中国冰雹灾害区域分异研究

广泛收集来自气象部门、政府减灾部门、新闻媒体等冰雹灾害信息,建立了中国冰雹灾害的数据库;编制出中国冰雹灾害空间格局图,将中国冰雹灾害的区域分异概括为1区、2带、7中心。中国冰雹灾害成灾的范围与冰雹致灾的范围有着一定差别,具有东移、南移的趋势。1949年以来冰雹灾害的主要承灾体类型有6大类、20亚类,其中以粮食作物受灾减数最多,从动态变化角度看,玉米、棉花、花卉、通讯等承灾体亚类值得注意。

The distributive pattern of hail disasters based on three data sources in China

The article widely gathers the information on hail disasters from many sources in China, such as weather bureau, government gencies of disaster reduction, and reports from news media According to the characteristics of report on hail disasters , the main statistical unit of hail disaster is "county" or "province" So we choose "county" as the basic unit for mapping and analysis Based on these cases, the integrated databases of hail disasters in China were established The spatial patterns of hail disasters in China were set up by the function of GIS The article expounds the spatial patterns of three different sources Concerning the characteristics of data source, the similarities and differences of the established patterns were discussed The differences of the three patterns are observable,meanwhile the differences prove themselves the differences of data sources and the data characteristics The similarities show the common laws in the spatial patterns of hail disasters in China We epitome the spatial patterns as one region, two strips, seven centers One region means the area of high-risk hail disasters covering eastern part of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, southern part of Yanshan Mountains, and to the north of Changjiang River Two strips mean the following two regions: one is the outer margin of the first topographic step , especially the eastern part; the other is the eastern margin and the eastern part of the second step Seven centers mean seven places of high-risk hail disasters distributing in the two strips, including high value area of Nenjiang Plain, high value area of North China Plain, high value area of Dabie Mountains, high value area of Nanling Mountains, high value area of Southwest China, high value area of Gansu-Qinghai provinces and high value area of Kashi-Aksu Finally, the causes of hail disasters were analyzed Obviously, the scope of hails and hail disasters is different and the hail disaster-affected bodies somewhat can explain why the high-risk areas of hail disasters have the east-directed and south-directed trend The main patterns of hail disaster-affected bodies consist of six types in twenty sub-types, among which crops are the dominant hail disaster-affected bodies From the aspect of dynamic change, four sub-types of maize, cotton, flowers and equipment of communications should be given more attention