Toxicities of ten metals to Crassostrea gigas and Mytilus edulis embryos and Cancer magister larvae |
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Authors: | Michael Martin Kenneth E Osborn Patricia Billig Neil Glickstein |
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Institution: | 1. California Department of Fish and Game, Marine Pollution Studies Laboratory, 2201 Garden Road, Monterey, CA 93940, USA;2. East Bay Municipal Utility District, P.O. Box 24055, Oakland, CA 94623, USA;3. East Bay Municipal Utility District, P.O. Box 68, Kelly, WY 83011, USA;4. East Bay Municipal Utility District, P.O. Box 331, Rockport, MA 01966, USA |
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Abstract: | Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg) embryos, bay mussel (Mytilus edulis Linnaeus) embryos, and Dungeness crab (Cancer magister Dana) zoea I stage larvae were exposed to arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver, and zinc salts. The two bivalve species were exposed through the completion of embryogenesis (48 h), and the effects of the metals upon abnormal development were monitored. The crab larval stages were exposed to the metal solutions for 96 h. Concentrations (μg l.?1 as metal) which caused 50% abnormal development in the two species of bivalve larvae and which were fatal to 50% of the crab larvae ranged from 5.3 (oyster) to 49 (crab) for copper; 5.8 (mussel) to 8.2 (crab) for mercury; 14 (mussel) to 55 (crab) for silver; 119 (oyster) to 456 (crab) for zinc; 232 (crab) to 3000 (mussel) for arsenic; 247 (crab) to 1200 (mussel) for cadmium; 349 (oyster) to 4360 (crab) for nickel; 476 (mussel) to 758 (oyster) for lead; 3440 (crab) to 4538 (oyster) for hexavalent chromium; and selenium greater than 10 000 for the three species. The acute toxicity testing of C. gigas embryo together with two California native species confirmed its usefulness for predicting toxicity to the latter species. |
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