美国地震监测现状综述

美国的地震监测工作起步较早,在台网设计、设备研制、软件研发、标准制定、数据管理和新技术应用等领域处于领先地位。近年来,随着移动互联网的发展,以及强震动观测、地震预警和大规模流动台阵等项目的推进,美国的地震数据产品实现了从单一向多元化、定制化的跨越。我国的地震监测工作虽起步较晚,但随着国家地震烈度速报与预警、“一带一路”地震监测台网和中国地震科学实验场等一系列重大项目的实施,地震站网密度、监测预警能力、地震数据智能处理、服务水平和新技术应用等方面都取得了跨越式发展。为更好地了解国际地震监测现状,文章从地震监测架构、地震台网布局、数据处理系统、地震预警系统和数据产品五个方面介绍了美国的地震监测工作进展,并与我国地震监测进行对比分析,可为我国地震监测预警事业规划和发展提供参考。

Overview of the earthquake monitoring status in the United States

The earthquake monitoring work in the United States started early and has enjoyed a leading position in the fields of network design, equipment development, software development, standard formulation, data management, and new technology application. In recent years, earthquake data products in the United States have achieved a leap from singularity to diversification and customization with the development of mobile Internet and the advancement of projects, such as strong earthquake observation, earthquake early warning, and large-scale seismic arrays. Although the earthquake monitoring work in China started late, with the implementation of a series of major projects in recent years, such as the national seismic intensity rapid reporting and early warning, the “Belt and Road” seismic monitoring network, and the China seismic experimental site, the seismic network density, monitoring and early warning ability, intelligent processing of seismic data, service level, and application of new technologies in China have all made great progress. This paper introduces the progress of earthquake monitoring in the United States from five aspects: earthquake monitoring architecture, seismic network layout, data processing system, earthquake warning system, and data products, to better understand the current situation of international earthquake monitoring. Then, a comparative analysis is conducted with the current earthquake monitoring efforts in China. The study results can provide a reference for the further planning and development of earthquake monitoring and early warning in China.