正弦波交替音对黑鲷音响驯化的实验研究

音响驯化作为一种控制鱼群行为的技术,在海洋牧场开发中的应用前景广阔。在室内控温和投饵条件下,用300 Hz和400 Hz正弦波交替音对黑鲷(Sparus macrocephalus)进行音响驯化实验。结果表明,黑鲷对交替音的驯化效果经历了适应期、变化期和维稳期3个阶段;黑鲷的反应时间逐日缩短并逐渐接近对照组,第1~4天黑鲷的反应时间显著高于对照组(P<0.01),第5天开始对刺激产生正反馈,第10天低于对照组并出现实验期最小反应时间;聚集率则逐日增加并从第5天开始显著高于对照组 (P<0.01),第7天后聚集率稳定在100%;驯化后的黑鲷在饥饿状态下对音响刺激的兴奋度比饱食后相对更高。由此可见,300 Hz和400 Hz正弦波交替音对黑鲷的反应和聚集具有明显的效果,交替音可作为黑鲷音响驯化的一种有效手段,结合投饵可以在控制鱼类行为中发挥出更大作用。

Acoustic taming on Sparus macrocephalus by sine wave alternate sounds

The application of acoustic taming has a broad prospect in the exploitation of marine ranching as a technology of controlling fish behavior. In order to know the effects of acoustic taming with different wave frequencies on Sparus macrocephalus, the behavior of Sparus macrocephalus was studied by means of acoustic taming using 300 Hz and 400 Hz sine wave alternate sounds in combination with temperature control and baits. The results showed that Sparus macrocephalus experienced three different periods to the revulsive effect of the alternate sounds, which were adaptation period, variation period and stabilization period. The response time of Sparus macrocephalus was decreasing gradually, and closed to the value of control group. The response time of trial group was significant higher than that of control group in the first four days (P<0.01), and there was a positive feedback to sound stimulation from the fifth day. Moreover, the response time was lower than the values of control group on the tenth day, which was the minimum response time of the entire trial process. The aggregation ratios increased gradually at the trial process, and there was extremely significant difference (P<0.01) from the fifth day between the trial group and control group, and the aggregation ratios were maintained at 100% after the seventh day. Besides, It was found that when acoustic challenged, the tamed Sparus macrocephalus in the hungry state were more excited than the well-fed state. The results indicated that 300 Hz and 400 Hz sine wave alternate sounds had a distinct revulsive effect on response and aggregation of Sparus macrocephalus, and the alternate sounds could be used as a valid possibility in acoustic taming of Sparus macrocephalus, which also could play a greater effect in the control of fish behavior combining with baits.