松花江哈尔滨段水域硅藻植物群落及其水质的初步评价

2005-2006年5-9月、12月的两年间,在松花江哈尔滨段水域进行了硅藻植物的调查采集,经观察鉴定,共发现硅藻植物72种43变种3变型,分别隶属于2纲6目9科23属,共计118个分类单位。本文对松花江哈尔滨段水域的环境特征,硅藻植物群落组成、种类丰度的季节性变化进行了研究,利用硅藻植物与环境相关性特点对水质进行了初步评价。研究结果表明松花江段哈尔滨水域的硅藻植物群落,总体来说以普生种类(共计86个分类单位)为每年的常见种类,还有一些嗜碱种类和冷水种类出现;硅藻种类的丰度随季节变化明显,从夏季到秋季逐渐增多。硅藻的群落结构变化主要受pH,温度,TN,BOD_5,氨氮的影响,从优势种的组成来看,β-中污以上的污水指示种类数量最多,一些富营养化种类和耐污种类也有出现,说明2005-2006年松花江流域水质污染呈中度至重度污染。

Environmental quality evaluation of Songhua River in Harbin using diatom assemblages

During May to September and December in 2005-2006,the diatom communities were investigated in four sampling stations from Senghua River,Harbin.A total of 118 taxa were identified,belonging to 2 classes,6 orders,9 families,23 genera,72 species,43 varieties and 3 forms.The environmental characteristics of Songhua River,diatom communities,taxon richness and seasonal variables were examined.Water-quality parameters of Songhua River in Harbin during 2005-2006 were followed as:water pH 6.8-7.6,TN 0.68-2.54mg/L,TP 0.05-0.18mg/L,DO 6.45-6.8 mg/L,BOD_5 0.68-3.12mg/L,COD 13.60-18.30 mg/L,NH_3-N 0.11-1.52mg/L.The dominant species were Gomphonema angustatum,Cyclotella meneghiniana,Cymbella minuta vat.pseudogracilis,Melosira granulate etc.Most of tara(86 taxa)was cosmopolitan,and alkalescent taxa(Gyrosigma acuminatum,Pinnularia gibba etc.)and cold water taxa(Gomphonema olivaceum,Eunotia valida etc.)were also found.The diatom richness changed with seasons obviously,diatom species were higher in autumn than that in summer.Temperature,pH,TN,BOD_5 and NH_3-N were the main factors affecting the diatom assemblages.The abundance of β-mesosaprobic taxa were most in dominant diatom,which indicated that water quality of Senghua River in Harbin were mesesaprobie to pollutional water seriously.