实验地理学与地理工程学

综述了竺可极、黄秉维、钱学森等关于自然地理学的思想,认为这些思想是建立实验地理学与地理工程学的基础。作者根据自身的工作经验,论述了实验地理学的对象、任务、工作程序、基本方法以及在地理学中的地位,提出了建立地理工程学的重要性、任务、工作程序、特点以及一个实例──山东禹城旱涝碱综合治理和中低产田的改造利用。

EXPERIMENTAL GEOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHICAL ENGINEERING

In the first part,the author gives a review on some thoughts of physical geography from Coching Zhen,Huang Bingwei and Qian Xueshen,and thinks that these thoughts are the basis of setting up experimental geography (EG) and geographical engineering(GE)In the third part of this article, the author stresses the importance to set up EG and thinks that the construction of scientific branches based on the level of engineering technology is almost the laws of all disciplines. the author gives a practicable case of GE──the management and use of middle-low yields lands in Yucheng county of Shandong Province. Through nearly 30-years works and by the necessary technologies, the dry, waterlogging, saline and alkaline problems of middle-low yields lands have been managed, and agriculture has been speedily developed. Based on the above situation, the experiences in Yucheng have driven the agricultural development in Huan-Huai-Hai Plain. The author thinks that the task of GE is by using certain engineering technologies to transfer the un-favourable conditions into favourable conditions, to change the misusing (or not using) resources to reasonable using resources and to prompt the productiveties from the original relatively low levels to a high level, and then to contribute practicable results to the mutual coordination of population, resources, environment and development, The author puts forward a basic working procedure for GE;1) investigating existing problems, 2) determining the causes of problems and possibilities of artificial control, 3) development methods, plans and designs for solving the problems, 4) assem-bling necessary technologies, 5) conducting the plans;testing, setting examples and publarizing, 5) doing observation and getting feedback results.