Foraminiferal assemblages in Biscayne Bay,Florida, USA: Responses to urban and agricultural influence in a subtropical estuary |
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| Institution: | 1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Av. Pedra Branca, 25, Cidade Universitária, Palhoça, SC 88137-270, Brazil;2. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geofísica e Geodinâmica (PPGG), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (GGEMMA, CCET, UFRN), Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil;3. Laboratório de Oceanografia Geológica, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil;1. Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Museé 6, Fribourg, Switzerland;2. School of the Environment, Florida A&M University, FSH Science Research Center, 1515 South MLK Blvd., Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States;3. Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics (IDYST), University of Lausanne, Géopolis, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;4. Department of Geological Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria |
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| Abstract: | This study assessed foraminiferal assemblages in Biscayne Bay, Florida, a heavily utilized estuary, interpreting changes over the past 65 years and providing a baseline for future comparisons. Analyses of foraminiferal data at the genus level revealed three distinct biotopes. The assemblage from the northern bay was characterized by stress-tolerant taxa, especially Ammonia, present in low abundances (～2.0 × 103 foraminifers/gram) though relatively high diversity (～19 genera/sample). The southwestern margin of the bay was dominated by Ammonia and Quinqueloculina, an assemblage characterized by the lowest diversities (～12 genera/sample) and highest abundances (～1.1 × 104 foraminifers/gram), influenced by both reduced salinity and elevated organic-carbon concentrations. A diverse assemblage of smaller miliolids and rotaliids (～26 genera/sample) characterized the open-bay assemblage, which also had a significant component (～10%) of taxa that host algal endosymbionts. In the past 65 years, populations of symbiont-bearing taxa, which are indicators of normal-marine conditions, have decreased while stress-tolerant taxa, especially Ammonia spp., have increased in predominance. |
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