东亚冬季风的时空变化及其与ENSO、AO相互关系的研究进展

作为亚洲季风系统中的一个重要组成部分, 东亚冬季风的变化对北半球甚至全球的天气气候都有重要的影响。本文回顾了近些年国内外关于东亚冬季风变化特征, 主要包括其时间和空间演变及其与ENSO、AO之间相互作用等研究的主要进展。目前已有的研究结果表明, 东亚冬季风系统是一个贯穿于整个大气对流层的深厚型环流系统, 其异常表现为东亚区域整层环流系统的异常;东亚冬季风具有2a, 5~7a的年际变化和10a以上的年代际变化, 有空间分布的不均匀性及爆发与撤退日期的突变性;强弱冬季风年的异常环流形势在对流层各层以及高纬度、中纬度和低纬度地区都有所表现;在年际尺度上, ENSO、AO与东亚冬季风有一定的相关性, 但是在年代际上, 东亚冬季风同两者之间有着更显著的联系, 通过大气动力和热力过程, 它们之间相互影响、相互作用, 共同影响我国、东亚甚至于全球天气气候的变化。 

Review of Study on the Change of East Asian Winter Monsoon and Its Relationships with ENSO and AO

As an important member of Asian monsoon system,the change of East Asian Winter Monsoon(EAWM) has a significant effect on the weather-climate of Northern Hemisphere,even on the whole world.The key research on the change characteristics of EAWM,mainly including the spatial-temporal variations and its relationships with ENSO and AO has been reviewed in this paper for the recent decades.It shows that: the winter monsoon is a deep circulation system which exists in all levels of troposphere,its irregular changes can give expression to the abnormal change of the whole circulation on this areas;all of the indexes have interannual variations of 2a,5-7a and interdecadal changes,it also has the heterogeneity of spatial distribution and the mutagenesis of the eruption and evacuation day;the anomalous circulations during strong(weak) monsoon can be reflected in both higher and lower latitudes and at both lower and upper troposphere,further more,its unusual changes not only have effects on the corresponding time,but also on the later periods.The relationships between EAWM and EASO 、AO is more significant in interdecadal scale than interannual scale.Through the thermal and dynamic process,they interact with each other to affect the weather of the East Asian even the whole world.