我国非传统矿产资源的实例及其所涉及的科学问题

传统矿产资源随着开采年限的增长而日益减少，寻求新的、非传统的按替资源，是解决人类矿产资源短缺的根本出路，是地球科学家长期肩负的战略性、前瞻性历史使命，我国有许多已经显示出巨大的资源潜力、但传统的矿床学、资源学、矿业技术的理论和方法难以实现其资源价值的地球物质堆积体，可视为典型的非传统矿产资源，包括：1）华南巨量堆积的天然纳米非金属矿物；2）华南微细浸染型金矿床原生矿石中的微粒金；3）西藏冈底斯中段北麓热泉泉华蛋白石中的微粒铯；4）白云鄂博等超大型矿床开采尾矿和选矿尾矿（所谓的“人工堆积矿床”）；5）部分原油和油田水中富集的金和其它金属元素；6）我国南方黑色岩系中特殊赋存状态的贵金属-重金属元素；7）我国西部陆相盆地中的可地浸砂岩型铀矿；8）我国南海和东海海域的天然气水合物；9）我国西南的分散元素矿床，由于非传统矿产资源是受目前理论、技术、经济以及环境等因素的限制尚未被认识或未能开发利用的矿产资源或潜在矿产资源，其所涉及的科学问题往往都具有显著的创新性和前沿性，对我国上述重要的非传统矿产资源而言，其所涉及的关键科学问题包括，天然纳-微米矿物及其特殊性能的成因机制，有机质与金属元素的耦合作用及其对金属富集的宏观与微观控制，等。

EXAMPLES OF UNCONVENTIONAL MINERAL RESOURCES IN CHINA AND THE RELATED SCIENTIFIC KEY-POINTS

Finding new unconventional mineral resources is the fundamental way to solve the problem of resources lack. There are numerous important unconventional mineral resources in China that exhibit tremendous economic potentials but cannot yet be changed into production by conventional knowledge and techniques. They include: 1) Huge volume accumulation of natural nm sized nonmetal minerals in South China; 2) Micro grained cesium in silicic sinter of hot springs in Xizang; 3) Micro grained gold in the primary ores of micro disseminated gold deposits in South China; 4) REE and Nb in the tailings of the Boyun ebo deposit in Inner Mongolia; 5) Gold and other metals enriched in some crude oils and oil field brines; 6) Precious metals and other metals in the black shales in South China; 7) In situ leaching uranium deposits of sandstone type in terrestrial basins in West China; 8) Gas hydrates in East China Sea and South China Sea; 9) Deposits of dispersed elements in Southwest China. Before being able to change resource potentials of these unconventional resources into production, lots of scientific researches have to be carried out. And the related scientific key points include, among others, 1) genetic mechanisms of natural nm (m sized minerals and their specific behaviors, 2) coupling mechanisms between organic matters and metals as well as their micro and macro responsibilities for metal enrichment in the related ores. These are evidently original key points in the modern Earth Science Frontiers.