光伏电站对局地气候的影响研究进展

清洁能源的快速发展有效降低了人类对传统化石能源的依赖,并为缓解全球气候变暖做出显著贡献。随着各地光伏装机规模的不断扩大,光伏电站这一人工设施对气候环境的影响日益引起人们的关注。针对这一问题,国内外学者自2000年陆续开展了相关研究。综合国内外现有研究成果,对研究方法、影响机理及光伏电站对气候的影响等方面进行总结。大量研究表明：光伏电站布设会在荒漠地区产生“光伏热岛效应”,从而引起局部区域气温上升,在城市地区布设能够在降低能源消耗的同时减少“城市热岛效应” 。此外,光伏组件还会对反照率、地表辐射平衡等产生影响,进而对局地甚至全球气候产生作用,其影响范围和程度尚无准确结论,还需要进一步深入探索。

Research progresses of the impacts of photovoltaic power plants on local climate

The rapid development of new energy not only reduces human’s reliance on traditional fossil energy, but also makes a significant contribution to mitigating global warming. With the growing installed capacity of photovoltaic (PV) power, people pay more and more attention on influences of PV power stations on climate and environment. To solve this problem, scholars at home and abroad began to do research on this field in 2000. This paper depends on the large amount of research results, summarizes the research methods, mechanism of influences and the influences of PV power stations on climate. The researches show that, PV power stations will produce PV heat island effect in desert areas, which causes a rise of local surface air temperature, while they could reduce the energy consumption in urban areas and reduce the urban heat island effect. Besides, PV power stations also have influences on albedo and the land surface balance, which has effects on local and even global climate, the scope and extent of the impacts have not been accurately concluded, and still need more researches.