Graphite in Kupferschiefer (Poland) and its genetic meaning |
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Authors: | H Kucha A Wieczorek |
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Institution: | 1. Institute of Geology and Mineral Deposits, University of Mining and Metallurgy, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland 2. Institute of Metallurgy, Av. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
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Abstract: | Graphite forms crystals up to 0.08 mm in size in carbonates or argillaceous carbonates directly under- and overlying black shale. Increased contents of Si, Al, Ca, and K in graphite are related to intercalations of graphite-montmorillonite and less to intercalations of graphite-illite. Quartz and gibbsite are also detected. The formation of graphite was probably a two-stage process: - Catalytic oxidation of organic matter. As a result of oxidation original organic matter has been enriched as aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene ring compounds) being most resistant to oxidation.
- Ordering of conjugated benzene rings on the 001 montmorillonite plane as a matrix. As a result, the c0 of dry montmorillonite increased to 1.678±0.020 or 2.450±0.050 nm. Primary layers of graphite became themselves matrices for the next layers of conjugated rings producing microscopically visible graphite.
To a less extent the process of dehydrogenesis and conjugation of aromatic rings took place in a reaction with Al, Si, and OH of phyllosilicates producing Al(OH)3 (gibbsite), former H4SiO4 (now quartz), and H2O. |
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