Determination of geomechanical properties and collapse potential of a caliche by in situ and laboratory tests |
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Authors: | K Zorlu K E Kasapoglu |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Geological Engineering, Applied Geology Division, Mersin University, Ciftlikkoy, 33342 Mersin, Turkey;(2) Department of Geological Engineering, Applied Geology Division, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, 06800 Ankara, Turkey |
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Abstract: | Working in complex grounds have always been difficult for engineering geologists because of the heterogenous nature of such
geo-materials, which results in different behaviors under stresses. The caliches outcropping in the Adana basin and its close
vicinity are selected as the study material because of their highly complex nature and also understanding their mechanical
behaviour and collapse potential is too difficult, although their aerial extent is large in the region. For this reason, investigation
of the collapse potential and mechanical behaviour of the caliches by applying new approaches besides the conventional in
situ and laboratory tests is the purpose of the study. The study includes five main stages such as measurements of caliche
profiles, in situ tests (plate loading), sampling, shooting photographs for photoanalyses and laboratory studies. Four different
levels such as hard pan; silty, sandy layer; gravelly, blocky layer and clayey level are described for the caliches employed.
The hard pan level is a weak rock with an average uniaxial compressive strength of 11.89 MPa while the others have typical
soil characteristics. A series of plate loading tests are applied on the blocky, gravelly level of the caliche to determine
the modulus of elasticity. The modulus of elasticity and the allowable bearing capacity are determined between 28.6–65.3 and
1.5–2.0 MPa, respectively. To determine the grain size distribution curve, in addition to sieve analyses, a photoanalysis
technique is also applied and a combination procedure between the results from both sieve analyses and photoanalyses is introduced
and the grain size curves for the blocky, gravelly level of the caliche are obtained. According to the results of collapse
potential index tests performed on the samples collected from 20 locations of the study area, the soft pan level of the caliche
has slight to moderate degree of collapse indices. In the final stage, various simple and statistically meaningful empirical
equations are proposed for the indirect determination of the collapse index by employing simple paramateres. |
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Keywords: | Caliche Adana (Turkey) Plate loading test Collapsible soil Photoanalysis |
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