Geochemical mapping using stream sediments in west-central Nigeria: Implications for environmental studies and mineral exploration in West Africa |
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| Authors: | Dan J Lapworth Katherine V Knights Roger M Key Christopher C Johnson Emmanuel Ayoade Michael A Adekanmi Tunde M Arisekola Olugbenga A Okunlola Birgitta Backman Mikael Eklund Paul A Everett Robert T Lister John Ridgway Michael J Watts Simon J Kemp Peter EJ Pitfield |
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| Institution: | 1. British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK;2. British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK;3. British Geological Survey, Murchison House, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, UK;4. Nigerian Geological Survey Agency, NGSA Headquarters, 31 Shettima A. Munguno Crescent, Abuja, Nigeria;5. University of Ibadan, Department of Geology, Ibadan, Nigeria;6. Geological Survey of Finland, P.O. Box 96, FI-02151 Espoo, Finland |
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| Abstract: | This paper provides an overview of regional geochemical mapping using stream sediments from central and south-western Nigeria. A total of 1569 stream sediment samples were collected and 54 major and trace elements determined by ICP-MS and Au, Pd and Pt by fire assay. Multivariate statistical techniques (e.g., correlation analysis and principal factor analysis) were used to explore the data, following appropriate data transformation, to understand the data structure, investigate underlying processes controlling spatial geochemical variability and identify element associations. Major geochemical variations are controlled by source geology and provenance, as well as chemical weathering and winnowing processes, more subtle variations are a result of land use and contamination from anthropogenic activity. |
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