历史时期承德、围场一带的农业开发与植被变迁

承德是清朝热河行宫的所在地,木兰围场是清皇室的狩猎区。这一地区农业开发较迟,清朝中叶承德一带始大规模农垦,而围场直至清末才放垦,但是由于不合理的农业开垦,森林植被遭到严重破坏,引起生态环境的恶化。水土流失、沙化等自然灾害十分严重。本文对这一地区的原始植被进行了复原,并探讨其农业开发与植被变迁的历史过程以及对生态环境的影响。

THE HISTORICAL AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE CHANGES OF THE VEGETATION IN THE AREA OF CHENGDE AND WEICHANG

Chengde was an imperial summer resort situated in the northern part of Hopei province and Weichang, located at the north of chengde,was an enclosure for hunting feild during the Qing Dynasty (1702A.D-1906A.D).As this area was preserved for the emperors to hunt, explortation was prohibited until the middle stage of the Qing Dynasty. Intensive agriculture has been undertaken only for 300 years.But the misuse of the surrounding mountain area has brought great changes to the vegetation and ecolgecal environment there, such as deforestation for farmland and fuel, desertization in the grassland and serious soil erosion.This paper tells breifly the natural history of the vegetation in the area and discusses the relationship between the agricultural development and the changes of the environment.