ICT对城中村居民居住和就业迁移空间的影响——以北京5个城中村调查为例

近年来中国以互联网技术为核心的信息通讯技术(ICT)发展迅速,对居民的社会经济活动、生活方式等产生了深刻影响。本文利用问卷调查、微信访谈等方式调查了北京5个典型城中村,利用多元无序多分类logistic回归模型验证信息渠道对城中村居民居住和迁移空间的影响,结果表明：城中村住房市场非正规化从信息源头切断了居民通过互联网获取住房信息的渠道,加上城中村居民选择新住所具有就业导向和以地缘—血缘为纽带聚集的特征,信息渠道对城中村居民的居住迁移距离没有显著影响;受“就业锚点”、“距离衰减定律”和非正规就业影响,信息渠道对城中村居民近距离就业迁移也没有显著影响,但在更大空间范围内,城中村居民能通过招聘网站、社交网络等网络渠道获取就业信息,ICT的发展丰富了他们的信息获取渠道,扩大了就业空间选择,一定程度上减轻了时空制约。本文加深了关于ICT对居民日常活动空间影响、技术进步与社会平等关系的理解,丰富了居民时空间行为研究。

Influence of ICT on housing and employment related migration space of residents in urban villages: A case study of five urban villages in Beijing

In recent years, China's Internet-based information and communication technology (ICT) has experienced rapid development, influencing the economic activities, lifestyle, and other aspects of daily life of rural and urban residents. In this study we surveyed five typical urban villages in Beijing with questionnaire and WeChat interviews, and used an unordered multi-class logistic regression model to verify the influence of information sources on housing and employment related migration space of residents in urban villages. The results show that due to the informal nature of housing market in urban villages that prevents residents from gathering housing information from the Internet, information source has no significant effect on housing related migration distance of residents in urban villages; due to "employment anchor point," "distance attenuation law," and the informal economy, information source has no significant effect on short-distance employment related migration of residents in urban villages, but in a larger spatial scope, residents in urban villages can get employment information through recruitment websites, social networks, and other online sources. The rapid development of ICT enriches their information source, enlarging employment space choices. This study extended our understanding about the influence of ICT on daily activity space of urban residents and the relationship between technology and equality. It also enriches research on spatial behavior of residents.