基于GPS的海冰实时监测系统及其应用研究

海冰是高纬度海区特有的海洋现象。运动的海冰具有巨大的能量，对冰区的石油平台、港口堤坝、船只等构成了巨大的威胁，因此实时获取准确的海冰运动信息对于海冰灾害的防治有重要的现实意义。我国海冰为一年海冰，冰体较薄，用于极地的海冰跟踪设备并不适用于我国北方海域。设计并提出了一种基于GPS的海冰定位跟踪系统，系统包含冰上定位发射和接收两个部分。冰上部分质量较轻且外形增加了防滑设计，接收端接收到数据后自动入库，并与地图匹配显示。监测系统于2015-2016年冬季在辽东湾海域进行了应用测试，应用试验表明，该方法能够较好地进行海冰定位与跟踪，定位误差在5 m以内，运行时间较久，较适用于我国薄冰海域。

Real time monitoring system for sea ice based on GPS and its application

Sea ice is a unique phenomenon in high latitudes. The movement of sea ice has tremendous energy, threatening marine oil platform, port embankment and vessels in ice infesting sea areas. Accurate information in real time about prevailing ice and ice motion is important for all operations there. The sea ice is one year ice in China. It is much thinner than the sea ice in polar area, so the equipment that could locate and track polar sea ice is not suitable to be used in China because of the weight. In this paper, a new system, which is based on GPS technology and could be located and trace sea ice in real time, is introduced. The system consists of two parts:sea ice position launching and data displaying. The weight of sea ice position launching is light enough and added with antiskid. Once receiving the data, system puts the data into database and displays it on the map automatically. The system had been used in Liaodong Bay during 2015-2016 winter. The application had indicated that the new system was effective, with a precision within 5 meters. It could work for a long time under low temperature. It is suitable for ice-infested sea areas with thin sea ice.