2005-2014年长江经济带城市土地利用效率时空格局特征

如何以最小的城市土地资源投入获得最大的社会经济效益是区域生态文明建设关注的重点之一。以长江经济带110个地级市为研究对象,基于2005-2014年的市级投入产出面板数据,引入随机前沿模型（Stochastic Frontier Analysis,SFA）测度城市土地利用效率,并对其空间关联特征进行分析。结果表明：① 2005-2014年长江经济带城市土地利用效率由0.344升至0.53,累计提升率为54.07%,呈现明显的增长趋势,上游效率增长速率快于中游和下游,全域土地利用效率仍有较大上升潜力;② 城市土地利用效率呈现“条块状”分布特征,从东向西逐步递减,不仅省内、省际差异显著,上中下游的差异也较大,下游地区土地利用效率最高、中游次之、上游最低;③ 10年间城市土地利用效率Moran's I均大于0且逐年上升,说明城市土地利用效率存在空间正相关性且集聚特征逐年增强,LISA空间形态呈现“小集聚大分散”特征,H-H集聚区沿浙江、上海向外扩散,L-L集聚区集中于皖北、川北等地。研究框架和结果对区域土地资源可持续利用和统筹协调发展具有重要意义。

Spatio-temporal patterns of urban land use efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Zone during 2005-2014

How to obtain the greatest social and economic benefits with the least input of urban land resources is the center of regional ecological civilization construction. Based on municipal input-output data from 2005-2014, we introduce the SFA (stochastic frontier analysis) to measure the urban land use efficiency of 110 cities located in the Yangtze River Economic Zone, and then analyze the spatial association characteristics of the efficiency. The results show that: (1) Urban land use efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Zone increases from 0.344 to 0.53 during 2005-2014, showing a significant growth trend with a cumulative growth rate of 54.07%. The efficiency growth rate of cities in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is faster than that of cities in the middle and lower reaches. There is great growth potential across the whole area. (2) The urban land use efficiency shows a "bar-like" distribution across the whole area, which gradually decreases from the east to the west. Not only does it present great differences within each province, but also the inter-provincial differences and differences among the upper, middle and lower reaches are extremely evident. The total land use efficiency of cities in the lower reaches is the highest, followed by cities in the middle reaches and cities in the upper reaches. (3) The Moran's I of the study area is above 0 and increases year on year, which indicates that the land use efficiency among cities has positive spatial correlation, and the agglomeration level is enhanced. The LISA (local indicators of spatial association) reveals the characteristics of "small agglomeration and large dispersion". The High-High agglomeration area spreads outward along Zhejiang and Shanghai, while the areas with a Low-Low agglomeration pattern are mainly concentrated in northern Anhui province and northern Sichuan province. To sum up, the research framework and results are of great significance to sustainable land resource use and regional coordinated development.