邻避或迎臂效应：东莞豪华酒店与社区的互动关系

“酒店—社区”是一个不同行动者进行角力的场所。本文采用参与式观察和深度访谈方法,援引邻避效应与迎臂效应的相关理论,试图探究东莞豪华酒店与社区的景观模式及其互动关系。研究发现：① 权力与资本逻辑推动着“酒店—社区”景观的建构。东莞豪华酒店特有的迎臂因子形成了酒店与社区互动的四种景观类型：“酒店+房地产”型、“酒店+村庄”型、“酒店+镇中心”型、“酒店+政府”型。② 酒店黄色产业的存在是“迎臂”或“邻避”矛盾的焦点。豪华酒店所衍生的“精神垃圾——黄色文化”成为邻避的主要因子,促使社区居民进行非暴力反抗,然而,地方情感与现代性促使社区居民在反抗与选择性消费中和“精神垃圾”共存,豪华酒店成为社区居民的一种日常生活方式。③ 居民的生活实践、记忆与想象共同强化了社区的豪华酒店情结。迎臂效应最终战胜邻避效应,形成“请到我家后院来”的社区与酒店共存画面。研究丰富了邻避与迎臂效应的理论,在社会、生态和心理维度上补充了邻避效应的文化维度——“精神垃圾”,同时提出迎臂效应的物质维度——“酒店房地产”和心理维度——“地方情感和主体想象”,并且指出邻避与迎臂效应并非矛盾对立的存在,其影响因素的抗衡会促使“邻避效应”与“迎臂效应”在特定的时空相互转化。

Not or yes in my backyard: The interactions between luxury hotels and communitites in Dongguan

"Hotel-community" is an arena for different agents. By conducting participant observation and in-depth interview and drawing the theories of "yes in my backyard" and "not in my backyard", this paper seeks to investigate the interplay between Dongguan's luxury hotels and their nearby communities, focusing on the performance of the relationship between capital, local community residents and government. This paper finds that: Firstly, capital and power have participated in the construction of "hotel-community" landscape, presenting the four patterns of "hotel-community" relationships in which win-win cooperation is able to achieve, i.e., "hotel+real estate" "hotel+village" "hotel + center town" "hotel + government". Secondly, the existence of the hotel industry is the negotiation between "yes in my backyard" and "not in my backyard". Although the local residents have resisted to the "spiritual degeneration" generated by the hotel industry nearby, influenced by the place-based emotion and insight of modern development, they gradually revised the conflicting relationship with the hotels and accepted the hotel industry as part of their daily life. Thirdly, the "yes in my backyard" effect finally defeated the "not in my backyard" effect as the living experience of local residents, local landscape and the idealism imagination of hotels have worked in collaboration to reshape the local residents' profound attachment in the luxury hotels. The innovative implication of the "yes in my backyard" and "not in my backyard" theories in this paper is that the effects of these two theories are the consequence of the negotiation of the cultural factors (spiritual degeneration) , emotional factors, and the imagination.