宁波老工业区创意空间孕育机制研究

城市老工业区创意集群成长机理是产业集群研究新近热点领域。以宁波市为例,基于扎根理论和结构方程模型,借助问卷调查和半结构式访谈数据,构建并验证城市老工业区创意空间孕育机制理论模型。研究发现：①宁波老工业区创意空间孕育机制包括地方空间、资本空间和关系空间3个主维度,以及经济区位、制度因素、社会关系网络、文化氛围和办公环境5个内核,最终形成“地方空间的感性认可→资本空间和关系空间的理性约束→地方空间、资本空间和关系空间协同→关系空间的反馈”闭合空间生产链;②研究所开发的城市老工业区创意空间孕育机制量表包含5个维度13个问项,结构良好,且具有很好稳定性和鉴别度,并利用结构方程模型和地方性量化指标在宁波3个案例中检验了理论模型的准确性;③国有资本控制的老厂房改造式创意园(创意1956产业园)和国有资本控制的高端写字楼群主导的创意园(和丰创意广场)的创意空间均发育良好,而纯民营资本控制的老厂房改造式创意园(启运86微电影产业园)的创意空间发育较差,有关差异的影响因素及其作用被模型甄别。

Cultivation mechanism of creative spaces in the old industrial districts of Ningbo City

Based on the experiences across the world, industrial clusters are generally divided into two categories—successful industrial clusters that play an important role in the economic growth in North America and Western Europe, known as the high-road and innovation-based clusters; and the low-road and low-cost based-clusters. As a kind of innovative low-tech cluster, cultural creative cluster in the old urban industrial districts can be categorized as the first type and has an important role to play in urban spatial reconstruction and industrial upgrading. The growth mechanism of cultural creative clusters in old urban industrial areas is a newly heated research topic in the field of industrial cluster research. This research chose Ningbo as the case study city and examine and validate the cultivation mechanism of creative spaces in its old industrial districts based on the grounded theory and SEM (structural equation modeling), as well as questionnaire and semi-structured interview data. The results demonstrate that: (1) The cultivation mechanism of creative spaces in the old industrial districts of Ningbo is comprised of three main dimensions—local, capital, and relational spaces; and five cores factors—locational, institutional, social relation network, cultural milieu, and office milieu factors, and ultimately forming a cycle of "recognition of local space→rational constraints of capital space and relational space→local space, capital space, and relational spatial coordination→relational space feedback." (2) A questionnaire was designed and applied to explore the cultivation mechanism of creative spaces in the old industrial districts, and the scale consists of 13 items, which belong to five dimensions, and is well-formed with good reliability and validity. (3) The LOFT-style creative park owned and managed by state-owned capital (1956 Creative Industrial Park) and the office building groups-led creative park owned and managed by state-owned capital (Hefeng Creative Plaza) are all well developed. However, the LOFT-style creative park owned and managed by pure private capital (Qiyun86 Microfilm Industrial Park) is poorly developed. The disparity in the cultivation of creative spaces is inevitable, which can be attributed to the capital attributes of the creative fix of old industrial districts. In addition, office milieu and location have become the key factors in the cultivation of creative space, particularly in the Hefeng Creative Plaza, and the theoretical model is proved as applicable by SEM and the local quantitative index. The renovation and regeneration of the old industrial districts through creative fix is confronted with a divergent path of upgrading, recession, and disappearance. The strength and persistence of the interactive relationship between local space, capital space, and relationship space have become the decisive factors in the direction of its evolution.