蜑螺属Nerita几个混淆种的比较研究(腹足纲, 珍珠蜑螺目, 蜑螺科)*

蜑螺科 Neritidae 蜑螺属 Nerita 的一些种类形态近似, 形态鉴定上存在种类混淆、同物异名或错误鉴定等现象。作者在整理中国科学院南海海洋生物标本馆和中国科学院海洋生物标本馆历年来采集的蜑螺科标本时, 对4种隶属于蜑螺属的易混淆种进行了比较研究。通过对标本的反复对比, 分别找出了它们之间外部形态、地理分布以及生活习性方面的差异, 澄清了混淆, 确立了其分类地位: 1) 矮狮蜑螺Nerita chamaeleon Linnaeus, 1758和圆蜑螺Nerita histrio Linnaeus, 1758两者贝壳形态相近, 在我国海区分布重叠, 存在混淆以及错误鉴定的现象, 根据螺旋部以及壳面雕刻可将它们区分开, 即前者壳面螺肋光滑, 后者螺肋粗糙, 而前者螺旋部较后者高; 2) 锦蜑螺 Nerita polita Linnaeus, 1758和杂色蜑螺 Nerita litterata Gmelin, 1791两个种常被混淆在一起, 都鉴定为锦蜑螺, 前者在我国见于台湾、海南岛和西沙群岛, 后者在我国见于台湾、福建、广东、广西和西沙群岛, 其中杂色蜑螺此前在我国仅见于台湾, 本文的报道进一步完善了该种的地理分布信息。

Comparative study on several confused species of Nerita (Gastropoda,Cycloneritimorpha, Neritidae)

We deal with four confused species from the China seas. Nerita chamaeleon Linnaeus, 1758 and Nerita histrio Linnaeus, 1758 have similar shell characters and are often confused and misidentified as each other. The classification of Nerita polita Linnaeus, 1758 and Nerita litterata Gmelin, 1791 had been confused for quite a long time, and both were usually identified as Nerita polita. Our comparative study is conducted on the Nerita specimens deposited in the Marine Biodiversity Collections of South China Sea (SCSMBC, Guangzhou) and the Marine Biological Museum (MBM, Qingdao), Chinese Academy of Sciences. The taxonomic confusion of the four species is clarified on shell morphology, distribution and habitat; and species statuses of the two are confirmed.