道路安定理论的进展及其应用

30多年来，国际上的道路设计原理及方法逐渐从传统经验法向运用理论框架方面转变。但这些理论框架主要基于土和粒状材料的弹性假设，从而限制了材料塑性性能的发挥。安定分析基于弹塑性理论，可以确定结构在循环或变值荷载作用下的最大承载力，因此，能够被运用于道路承受交通荷载的问题。阐述了安定理论的概念以及两种经典安定定理，回顾了道路安定分析方法的创始及发展过程，包括与试验结果的比较，讨论了残余应力在道路中的分布、两种求解道路安定荷载极限的方法，以及与塑性极限分析的比较，并把一种下限安定分析方法应用于多层柔性路面的设计，最后展望了道路安定理论未来的发展方向。

Development and its application of shakedown theory for road pavements

Over the last three decades, there has been a positive evolution in philosophy and practice from a wholly empirical approach to pavement design towards the use of a theoretical framework for design. However, this theoretical framework is mainly based on elasticity theory of soil and granular material behavior. A major limitation of this elastic analytical approach is that strength properties of pavement materials are not taken into account. Based on elastoplastic theory, shakedown analysis is able to provide maximum capacity of structures under cyclic loads; therefore it can be used as a theoretical basis for pavement design. This paper illustrates the shakedown theory and two classical shakedown theorems. Literature reviews summarize the origination and development of pavement shakedown studies, supported by experimental results. Residual stress distributions in pavements and two pavement shakedown solutions are discussed in detail and compared with limit analysis. A pavement design procedure using a lower bound shakedown solution is also presented; finally, the tendency of the pavement shakedown theory is predicted.