集体经济组织在农地流转中的作用探讨

农地流转中农户与集体经济组织的关系为委托代理关系,集体经济组织在农村土地流转中扮演着委托者和代理者的双重角色,承担着委托者和代理者的双重职责。农地流转中集体经济组织存在违背农户意愿的强制流转、土地流转收益分配不均、对土地承租方经营管理监督缺失、同土地承租方勾结侵害农户利益等背离自身定位的行为,原因主要在于农户个体的信息弱势地位、专业中介市场的不成熟、集体经济组织自身的利益驱动、政府不合理的干预和控制、法律环境不完善。要想引导与规范农地流转中集体经济组织行为,应当完善信息披露制度,培育专业中介市场,完善激励约束机制,正确定位政府职能,健全法律法规体系。

Discussion of Functions of Collective Economic Organizations in Farmland Circulation

The relationship between farmers and collective economic organizations is a principal-agent one in farmland transference. Collective economic organizations play a dual role of principal and agent and take on a dual responsibility of principal and agent. The organizations have some behaviors departing from their own status, such as forced land transference against farmers＇ wishes, maldistribution of benefits from land transference; lack of supervision on land lessee activities, and collusion with land lessee for infringement of farmers＇ interests. The causes for these lie in the weak positions for information that individual farmers have, the immaturity of professional intermediary markets, the drives of economic interests that the organizations have inherently, unreasonable government intervention and control, and the imperfection of legal environment. To guide and regulate the land transference behaviors that the organizations have, the information disclosure systems should be improved; the professional intermediary markets should be nursed; the incentive and restraint mechanisms should be promoted; the government functions should be positioned correctly; and the law and regulation systems should be sound.