Total solar irradiance variations |
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| Institution: | 1. University Hospital Essen, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany;2. St. Barbara Hospital, Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Barbarastrasse 1, 45964 Gladbeck, Germany;3. University Hospital Essen, Central Animal Laboratory, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany;4. University Hospital Essen, Institute of Pharmacogenetics, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany;5. University Hospital Essen, Institute for Pathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Total solar irradiance has been monitored from space for nearly two decades. These space-borne observations have established conclusively that total solar irradiance changes over a wide range of periodicities—from minutes to the 11-year solar cycle. Since the total energy flux of the Sun is the principal driver for all Earths atmospheric phenomena, the accurate knowledge of the solar radiation received by the Earth and its variations is an extremely important issue. In this paper we review the long-term variations of total solar irradiance during solar cycles 21 and 22. We conclude that, within the current accuracy and precision of the measurements, the minimum level of total solar irradiance is about the same for both solar cycles 21 and 22. |
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