The evolving concept of a magnetospheric substorm |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2JL;1. Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia;2. Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia;3. Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia;4. Department of Physics, Hitit University, 19030, Çevre Yolu Bulvar?-Çorum, Turkey;1. Research Institute for Meteorology and Water Resources (FUNCEME), Brazil;2. Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil;1. Neurotoxicology Research Group, Division of Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands;2. IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf’m Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;3. Centre for Sustainability, Environmental & Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands;4. Department of Neurology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, P.O. Box 90151, NL-5000 LC Tilburg, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | A magnetospheric substorm is an episode of energy transport and dissipation in the Earth|s ionosphere and mag- netosphere which takes place in response to a time limited increase in energy input from the solar wind to the magnetosphere. For the past few decades, scientists have tried to understand the physical processes which take place that are responsible for the substorm disturbances of the geospace environment. In this paper, The development of the substorm concept is reviewed from its origins at the beginning of the 20th century to the present time. The theoretical framework in which substorm physics is normally presented is then discussed, and an outline is given of how that framework has changed in recent times. This paper concludes by posing two questions which need to be answered if further progress is to be made in solving the substorm problem. |
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