轿子山自然保护区土壤空间结构特征分析

在综合分析各成土因素及其相互作用的基础上,划分了保护区的土壤类型,借助ARC/INFO软件,编绘了1∶5万土壤分布图,应用山地生态学和景观生态学有关原理和方法,定性、定量分析了土壤的发育和空间结构特征。研究结果表明：（1）保护区发育有黄棕壤等7个土类,暗黄棕壤等9个亚类;（2）土壤发育主要表现为土壤类型之间的垂直演替和在同一土类的分布地域内,不同发育阶段的土壤同时并存;（3）土壤的空间分异格局表现为垂直带分异和地域性组合2个序列。山地地形是引起土壤发育及土壤类型产生空间分异的根本原因;（4）从数量结构来看,优势土壤类型为棕壤,林线以下至海拔3 300 m范围内的亚高山草甸土和暗棕壤的破碎化程度高,交错分布特征突出。

AN ANALYSIS OF THE SPATIAL PATTERN ABOUT THE SOIL GROUPS IN JIAO ZI MOUTAIN NATURE RESERVE

Based on analyzing soil-forming factors and their interaction, nature soil types were classified in JiaoZi Moutain Nature Reserve. The Distributing map of the soil groups in Jiaozi Moutain Nature Reserve was drawn by ARC/INFO. According to the principles and methods on Moutain Ecology and Landscape Ecology, the soil de- velopment has been analyzed qualitatively and the characteristics of the spatial pattern about the soil groups have been discussed quantitatively. The conclusions are as follows： （ 1 ） There are 7 soil groups and 9 subgroups in JiaoZi Moutain Nature Reserve; （2） The characteristics of the soil development indicates mainly the vertical suc- cession of zonal soil groups with the altitude and diverse development sequences in the same soil zone; （3） The pattern of soil distribution involves only 2 series ： First, the soil vertical distribution pattern; Second, the region- al association of soil groups. The topography factors is the fundamental reason that causes the spatial differentia- tion of the soil development and distribution; （4） from the index value of the quantitative structure of soil groups, the dominant soil group is brown soil in Jiaozi Moutain Nature Reserve, and from the altitude 3 300 m to the timber line the fragmentation of Subalpine meadow soil and Dark brown soil is in a high degree, besides the characteristic of staggered distribution between the both is prominent.