欠发达地区聚落景观空间分布特征及其影响因子分析——以安徽省宿州地区为例

以欠发达地区——皖北宿州地区的聚落为研究对象,采用景观格局分析软件FRAGSTATS计算了5个景观格局指标。用ArcGIS软件计算了形状指数、景观类型空间邻接比例、最邻近指数、最近距离以及聚落的耕作半径,分析了该区聚落景观的空间格局特征及影响因子。结果表明:耕地是宿州地区的景观基质,聚落是宿州地区分布最广、斑块数目最多的景观类型;耕地是影响农村聚落分布格局的重要因子;农村聚落分布受中心城镇影响明显;用缓冲区的方法求取耕作半径在耕地分布均匀地区较为实用。

Spatial Pattern and Influencing Factors of Settlement in Less Developed Areas:Taking Suzhou of Anhui Province as An Example

Settlements are places of habitation,production and the living for people.In this paper,we studied the spatial patterns and its influencing factors of settlement in the less developed area—Suzhou of Anhui Province.Five pattern indices(including the Area,the Mean Patch Area,the Patch Density,Average Nearest Distance and the Aggregation Index) were computed and analyzed using FRAGSTATS,and the shape index and the spatial neighboring length and number between the residential area and other patches were calculated using ArcGIS.Here the Nearest Index that determines the type of residential area distribution were counted using the method of settlement geography,and the radius of cultivation were computed using the method of buffer zone.The results indicated that the settlement is the most broadly distributed and dominate the landscape patches.The mean of the residential area is small and the shape is simple but its aggregation index is high.The farmland is the type that has highest neighboring length with residential area,suggesting a complex and close relationship between them.The distribution of residential area is random.Farmland is the most important factor which effect rural settlement spatial pattern,rural settlements′distribution obvious influenced by the central town.More than 50% of the residential areas are distributed in general highway within 1.4 km.By using the buffer analysis method,the settlement cultivated radius is calculated which can reveal the cultivated land distribution and the relationship between the settlement distribution and its influence factor.Through the GIS,the landscape pattern analysis and settlement analysis method,the spatial distribution pattern of the settlement differences and their impact factor can be revealed.It is the effective method to explore the landscape pattern formation mechanism.The research of the settlement in less developed areas of the landscape pattern is feasible.It is a guiding role to study the village layout and planning,discuss settlements and villages′landscape and argue the relationship between the cultivated land and village.