黄河三角洲滨海湿地的景观格局空间演变分析

利用GIS技术、RS影像和Fragstats3.3等景观统计软件,从景观面积变化、景观斑块特征和景观整体水平格局等方面,对比研究了黄河三角洲2000年和2009年湿地不同时空尺度的景观格局变化。结果表明:10 a间黄河三角洲滨海湿地海岸线和陆地面积整体呈增长趋势,天然湿地面积急剧减少,平均分维数大部分降低,湿地景观破碎度降低,多样性和均匀性指数增加,蔓延度指数增加。湿地景观格局指数的变化反映了旱田及水田的大面积种植,盐田养殖业的大力发展以及石油开采等人为活动对景观格局的深刻影响,人类活动已经成为黄河三角洲滨海湿地景观格局变化的主要驱动因子。

Spatial Evolution of Landscape Pattern of Coastal Wetlands in Yellow River Delta

Wetland ecosystem is a special natural complex under the interaction between land and water.Its functions are mainly decided by landscape pattern.With the support of GIS technology,RS images and Frag-stats3.3 statistical software,this paper studied the changes of wetland landscape pattern of costal wetlands in Yellow River Delta including the size of landscape area,landscape patch characteristics and the overall level of landscape pattern under different temporal-spatial scales of the Yellow River Delta in 2000 and 2009.The results showed that the coastline length and the total area of the coastal wetland in the Yellow River Delta show a rising trend as a whole in recent 10 years.The natural wetland area has a sharp reduction.Mean fractal dimension indices of the most landscape types are lower and the landscape fragmentation indices generally decrease.While the landscape diversity index,evenness index and contagion index all increase.Overall,the indices changes of wetlands landscape pattern reflect the profound impact from human activities including large-scale cultivation of dry farming fields and paddy fields,the development of salt farming industry and oil exploration,etc..This study indicates that the human activities have become the main driving factor for landscape pattern changes in coastal wetland of Yellow River Delta.In the future,the coordinated development of the ecological environment protection and economic development should be focused on in the Yellow River Delta.