甘肃省迭部县扎尕那生态人居多层次景观空间解构

甘肃省迭部县扎尕那村是中国藏区传统村寨聚落的典型代表之一,基于多功能景观概念和中国风水理论,从区域环境层次、居住区域层次、组团邻里层次和住屋单元层次4个层次对扎尕那聚落空间进行解构。研究表明,在区域环境层次上,其空间要素组成在水平和垂直方向上均表现出以人类活动为中心的圈层结构;在居住区域层次上,受自然力与传统理念的影响,村落的聚落为簇群模式发展,形成典型的线性"飘积"聚落形态;在组团邻里层次上,每个独立的自然村落都由1~2个连续的界面贯穿村落;在住屋单元层次上,扎尕那藏式榻板房院落空间水平结构大致分为左右结构和前后结构两类,包括居住活动区和种植区两部分,垂直结构依照起居、宗教和生产储藏功能一般为二或三层。为扎尕那聚落的保护和发展模式的制定奠定了理论基础,并提出了进一步的保护和规划建议,即将扎尕那聚落整体作为一个传统生态文化遗产综合保护区;利用民族信仰进行生态保护;合理地进行空间生态引导规划,实现生态人居聚落模式的完善。

Landscape Spatial Analysis on Different Levels for Zhagana Ecological Settlement, Diebu, Gansu Province

Zhagana village(Diebu County,Gansu Province) is a Chinese traditional settlement.Studying Zhagana’s landscape spatial structure is of vital importance in ecological research and planning.Based on multifunctional landscape concept and"Fengshui"theory,it was analyzed on four levels: regional environment level,village group level,individual village level and individual house level.On the level of regional environment,the landscape has an ecological circle structure towards horizontal and vertical directions,taking human architecture as the center.On the level of village group,influenced by natural force and traditional idea,four natural villages generate the natural linear drifting configuration and represent a kind of cluster mode.On the level of individual natural village,there is one or two uninterrupted interface.On the level of individual house,two kinds of horizontal structures can be detected in Zhagana’s Tibetan Ta-ban buildings,which are left-right structure and front-back structure,including living area and planting or breeding area.Considering its function for living,religion and storage,the Ta-ban building usually includes two or three layers vertically.This study establishes a foundation for Zhagana settlement’s protection and development.Further planning suggestions are also proposed.Firstly,taking Zhagana settlement as an integral protection area is a better way for settlement sustainable development.Secondly,environment protection based on religion is an ingenious way for ecological protection.The third is to improve Zhagana’s settlement model by spatial ecological planning.