无锡城市制造业企业区位调整与苏南模式重组

苏南地域广阔,区域和城市发展路径多样。较多研究关注全球化背景下国家和省级开发区发展带来的苏南模式创新,但是城市化对苏南模式重组影响同样值得关注。基于企业数据的空间分析以及企业访谈和问卷调查资料,从制造业企业进入和退出的角度,考察无锡市南长区在从乡镇企业典型发育地区(郊区)转变为城区过程中的产业升级和空间格局调整过程。研究表明:南长区制造业经历了产权重组、结构重组和空间重组三个过程,呈现出中小高新技术企业为主、空间上高度集中等城市化特征。政府表现出明显的"企业化"倾向,与传统苏南模式中直接介入企业经营不同,地方政府通过规划调控以及开发区建设、税收等金融刺激政策和措施影响企业区位行为,从而推动城市产业结构的转型升级和空间再集聚。

Manufacturing Firms Location Adjustment and the Restructuring of the Sunan Model in Wuxi City

The Sunan model attributes the development of Sunan(Southern Jiangsu) to the local state-directed township and village enterprises(TVEs).However,with intensifying global competition in China,since the early 1990s Sunan has moved"beyond the Sunan model"through privatization and the infusion of global capital,especially Taiwanese investment.However,Sunan shows a great diversity of evolution in the development and restructuring.The research on Sunan deals largely with the development of peri-urban areas represented by national or provincial development zones,rather than the evolution of the Sunan model.This article investigates economic restructuring and industrial location in Wuxi city,especially the Nanchang district,to better understand the remaking of Sunan model and spatial change.The paper analyzed how the manufacturing firm migration and new firm locational choice influenced industrial upgrading and spatial patterns as well as the impact of the government on regional transformation.This study based on the spatial analysis of a large amount of enterprise data,and questionnaire survey and interviews of local officials and company managers.The results showed that the manufacturing industry in Nanchang had experienced changes in property rights,structure and space successively under the promotion of economic transformation and urbanization.The manufacturing industry had exhibited some characteristics of urbanization obviously,such as endogenous development chiefly through high-tech advancement and highly concentrated in industrial parks.The government applied regulatory planning and financial policies such as development zone construction,tax and so on to gradually move out the traditional manufacture with high-pollution and low-added value and attract high-tech enterprises.What governments do in this process is very different from what they did in the traditional Sunan model,which was to step in business of enterprise directly.However,there are many new challenges both the local government and manufacturing firms must face,including the shortage of highly skilled labor,the unemployment of lower skilled workers,and the relocation of the manufacturing enterprises from urban zones into industrial parks.