桂林-漓江-阳朔旅游地系统空间演化模式及机制研究

通过构建旅游地空间演化基本模式,阐释了以漓江为主导的桂林-漓江-阳朔旅游地系统演化过程,归纳其经历了萌芽期、极化期和优化期,3个阶段分别体现出均质发展、极化发展、扩散发展的特征,并有向板块发展阶段演化的趋势。20世纪70年代以前,旅游地处于均质发展为特征的萌芽期,原赋景观为旅游发展提供了良好的基础,但是这一时期的旅游地在空间结构上处于低位的均质无序状态,各景区点未得到有效地开发;20世纪70年代末至2000年代中期,旅游地进入极化期,其中又分为以桂林城区旅游增长极形成为标志的初期极化发展阶段和以桂林城区-漓江-阳朔县城旅游地系统形成为标志的后期极化增长阶段;初期极化发展阶段,在旅游需求的推动下,桂林城区作为旅游增长极得到较快发展,为漓江旅游提供良好的基础设施和服务设施,对区域旅游发展起到组织作用。后期极化增长阶段,阳朔县城作为新的增长极发展起来,桂林城区旅游功能进一步强化,漓江作为旅游廊道功能也日益强化,桂林-漓江-阳朔旅游地空间系统基本形成;"十一五"期间为扩散发展时期。在此期间旅游影响对外扩散,区域旅游板块逐渐形成,并推动旅游地转型发展。桂林-漓江-阳朔旅游系统的旅游城镇、景区点间相互联系日益紧密,功能上更加协调,推动了更高一级的旅游地空间系统的形成和发展,因此可称其为桂北旅游地空间系统,或桂北旅游板块。探讨了旅游地系统演化机制,认为在不同时期,起主导的机制不同:在萌芽期,资源禀赋起着决定性作用;在极化发展期,受循环积累因果效应的推动,不同类型的需求成为建构的主要动力;在扩散发展期,对综合效益的追求成为主导力量。

The Evolution Progress and Mechanism of Guilin-Lijiang River-Yangshuo Tourism Destination System

By constructing the basic mode of tourism spatial evolution,this article analyzes the evolution progress of Guilin-Lijiang River-Yangshuo tourism destination system.The evolution progress of tourism destination system is divided into 3 stages(the embryonic stage,the polarization stage and the optimization stage),which shows different characteristics(homogeneous development,polarization development,proliferation development) respectively,and tends to plate development stage.Before 1978,the tourism destination was in the stage of homogeneous development when the destination system was in the embryonic statement.The original landscape provided a good foundation for tourism development,but during this period,tourism space structure was in the low homogeneous disordered state,and the scenic spots have not been effectively developed.The following 20 years has experienced the polarization process,which can be divided into the early polarization evolution marked by the formation of the tourism growth pole of Guilin City and late polarization evolution stage marked by the formation of Guilin City-Lijiang River-Yangshuo tourism destination system.In the early polarization evolution stage,with the driving of tourism demand,Guilin City had a rapid development as the tourism growth pole,and provided a good infrastructure and service facilities for the tourism of Lijiang River.It played a role of the organization for the regional tourist development.During the late polarization evolution stage,Yangshuo County had a good development as the new growth pole,Guilin City further strengthened tourism function,Lijiang River was developed as tourism corridor.Guilin City-Lijiang River-Yangshuo tourism spatial system was formed basically.During the 11th Five-Year Plan,the tourism destination was in the proliferation stage.The tourism impact diffused at this stage and pushed the transformational development of the tourism destination.Meanwhile,the shape of regional tourism plate was initially formed.Travel city and scenic sites were increasingly interconnected,and a more coordinated Guilin City-Lijiang River-Yangshuo tourism system promoted the formation and development of a higher level of tourism spatial system,which can be called the tourism spatial system,or North Guangxi tourism board.This article analyzed the dynamic mechanism of the evolution and considered that there were varies leading dynamic mechanisms at different times.In the homogeneous development stage,the tourism resources endowment had played a decisive role.The dominating dynamic factor in the development stage of polarization was affected by circulation accumulation,and different types of demand had become the main power for construction.In the proliferation stage,the pursuit of overall efficiency has become the dominant force.