Copper,zinc, cadmium,nickel, iron and manganese in the Southern Bight of the North Sea |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Physics and Engineering Mathematics, Higher Institute of Engineering, El Shorouk Academy, Cairo, Egypt;2. Department of Applied Mathematics, National Research Nuclear University, 31 Kashirskoe Hwy, Moscow–115409, Russian Federation;3. Mathematical Modeling and Applied Computation (MMAC) Research Group, Department of Mathematics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah-21589, Saudi Arabia;4. Department of Applied Sciences, Cross–Border Faculty, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 111 Domneasca Street, Galati–800201, Romania;5. Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa–0204, South Africa;6. Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL 35762–4900, USA;7. School of Mathematics, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits–2050, Johannesburg, South Africa;8. Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, Cyprus;9. Institute of Physics Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Zemun, Serbia;1. Photonic Research Lab (PRL), Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Marine Transport, Alexandria, Egypt;2. International Transmission Department, Telecom Egypt, Alexandria, Egypt;1. Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;2. Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Pediatric Neurology Clinic, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine, Al. Obregia Hospital, Bucharest 050474, Romania;3. Neurogenetics Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium;4. Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium;5. Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp 2650, Belgium;6. Division of Neurology, Childrenʼs Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;7. Department of Neuropediatrics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel 24105, Germany;8. Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland;9. Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland;10. Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics, and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, A. Meyer Children’s Hospital, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy;11. Folkhälsan Research Center and Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland;12. Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics, and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, A. Meyer Children’s Hospital, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy;13. Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund 4293, Denmark;14. Institute for Regional Health research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark;15. Department of Neurology, Neurology Lab and Epilepsy Unit, IIS‐Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM and CIBERER, Madrid 28040, Spain;p. Child Neurology Department, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague 150 06, Czech Republic;q. Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto \"G. Gaslini\", Genova 16147, Italy;r. Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova 16132, Italy;s. Northern German Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schwentinental-Raisdorf, 24223, Germany;t. Pediatric Neurology Clinic Alexandru Obregia Hospital Bucharest Romania;1. Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, NIOZ, Texel, Netherlands;2. Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Ni, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Fe were determined in water and suspended matter samples and Mn in suspended matter samples from the Southern Bight region of the North Sea. Four distinct areas, comprising the Rhine estuary, the Dutch coastal waters, the centre of the Bight, and the English coastal water can be distinguished on the basis of the distribution of the trace metals. The total concentrations of all metals were high in the Rhine estuary, decreased in a seaward direction to reach very low values, comparable to continental shelf water, in the centre of the Bight, and increased again towards the English coast. Elevated concentrations of dissolved Cu, Ni, Cd and Zn near the English coast are not only due to river inputs. Over the entire region, the fraction of Cd, Ni and Zn in solution was consistently more important than the fraction in the suspended particulate phase. In contast, the fraction of Fe and Mn in the solid phase was consistently greater than the fraction in solution. Total concentrations of Fe, Mn and Cu are more dictated by the suspended particulate matter concentration than Cd, Ni and Zn. |
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