石家庄冬小麦需水量变化特征及气象影响因子

利用石家庄地区9个气象站1964—2012年的气象数据,以彭曼-蒙蒂斯(Penman-Monteith)公式以及作物系数修订公式为基础,计算了冬小麦各生育阶段的需水量;运用趋势分析、5年滑动平均、变异系数、Morlet小波分析、Pearson相关系数等方法分析了各生育阶段需水量的变化规律及影响因子。结果表明:石家庄地区冬小麦各生育阶段需水量总体呈下降趋势,1965—1987年,播种至越冬期、抽穗至成熟期以及全生育期下降趋势尤为明显,1988—2012年,返青至拔节期的需水量表现为显著上升趋势,其余生育阶段以及全生育期的需水量趋势变化不明显;近48年来,各生育阶段的需水量均存在4年以上的振荡周期;各生育阶段需水量的空间分布均由东北向西南递增,变化趋势由北向南递减;日照时数与冬小麦各生育阶段需水量呈最大正相关,相对湿度呈最大负相关。

Water Requirement Characteristics and Meteorological Impact Factors of Winter Wheat in Shijiazhuang

Based on the meteorological data of 9 stations in Shijiazhuang, the water requirements of winter wheat at different growth stages from 1964 to 2012 are calculated by using the Penman Monteith equation and crop coefficient equation, and the water requirements and the influence factors in each growth stage are analyzed by using the linear trend, variation coefficients, 5 years moving average, Morlet wave, and Pearson coefficient methods. The results show that the water requirement trends at various stages generally declined obviously: decline more obviously at the stages of sowing to overwintering, heading to ripening, and the whole growth period from 1965 to 1987, rose obviously from 1988 to 2012 at the stage of returning green to elongation, and varied unnoticeably at the other growth stages and in the whole growth period. There was oscillation of over 4 year period at various growth stages in 48 years; the spatial distribution of the water requirement increased from northeast to southwest, and the trend of water requirement decreased from north to south in the whole growth period and various growth stages. The correlation analysis indicates that sunshine is positively correlated to the water requirement of the winter wheat most obviously, and the humidity is negatively correlated with that most obviously at growth stages.