广东省就业空间的性别化及权力特征

采用2000年第五次人口普查的数据,以市辖区(县、市)为基本地理单元,对广东省的21个地级市133个样本进行性别与就业空间的实证研究。通过分别对男性和女性6类就业区的比较分析发现,①广东省不同性别的就业整体同构与一定程度的性别隔离并存。整体同构来自互补性的就业角色,两性关系是平等的;性别隔离来自于隔离性的就业角色,两性之间存在着控制与被控制的权力关系。女性就业在与男性总体平等的同时,也存在被边缘化的现象。②在经济全球化和世界制造业转移的大背景下,不同性别的就业空间形成了中心—边缘结构。高度集聚的就业活动分布在环珠江口的珠江三角洲的经济中心区,与珠三角以外的其他就业区在空间上形成了核心—边缘结构。③不同性别的就业空间具有权力特征,具有生产性。中心—边缘结构构建了一种以广州和深圳为极点的就业空间秩序,这种结构制约着区域就业空间新秩序的出现,也体现为区域就业秩序下一种社会经济关系的生成。④在地域文化的深刻影响下,除粤东部分传统地区之外,广东不同性别的就业差异并未构成整体的就业空间性别化。

The Gendered Vocation Space and the Feature of Power-space in Guandong

Using the 5th census data on the spatial level of district (or county, or city), this paper analyses the relationship between gender and vocation-space including 133 samples in 21 cities. Through a comparative study between six kinds of men's vocation zones and another six kinds of women's vocation zones, the author comes to some conclusions. (1) Partial gender segregation is coexisting with the vocation-space omorphism between men and women. The work opportunities for men and women are equal on the whole, but in some fields gender segregation against women also exists. (2) The vocation-space is also a kind of power space which is productive. The power space is showed as a kind of core-periphery structure. It is formed not between men and women, but within the inner vocation-space of men and women separately. The structure is formed by a series of typical concentric circles. The high-aggregation vocations are distributed at the core area of Pearl River Delta Economic Region round the Pearl River Estuary, which become the core of space production and show a concentric-circle structure with other vocations at the peripheral area of Guangdong Province. (3) The core-periphery structure forms a kind of vocational space order which has two growth poles, Guangzhou and Shenzhen. The central area is in an absolutely dominant position, which is mainly composed of high-aggregation services or manufacture industries. And agriculture, housework and traditional business activities are mostly distributed at the peripheral area. The core-periphery structure indicates the emergence of a kind of regional social and economic relationship and it will restrict the possibilities of new procreative order's formations. (4) Under the influence of regional culture traits, vocations of men and women are diversified but do not form a kind of gender-biased vocation-space in Guangdong Province except the eastern area.