Characterization and biodegradation of water-soluble biomarkers and organic carbon extracted from low temperature chars |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;2. Department of Marine Science, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77553, USA;3. Marine Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim, WA 98382, USA;4. Department of Geography and Geology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA;1. Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology & Forest Science, Clemson University, Georgetown, SC, 29442, USA;2. Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California – Davis, CA, 95616, USA;3. Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Anderson, SC, 29625, USA;1. Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA;2. Large Lakes Observatory and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, USA;3. National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA;4. Department of Geology and Environmental Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;1. State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;2. Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong;3. Departments of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;1. Florida International University, Southeast Environmental Research Center and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biscayne Bay Campus, Marine Science Building, Room 210, North Miami, FL 33181, USA;2. University of Oldenburg, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Research Group for Marine Geochemistry (ICBM-MPI Bridging Group), 26129 Oldenburg, Germany |
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| Abstract: | This study demonstrates that wildfires/biomass combustion may be an important source of labile pyrogenic water-soluble organic matter (Py-WSOM) in aquatic systems. Spectroscopic analysis (solid char and Py-WSOM) with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that the Py-WSOM extracted from two low temperature chars (one wood, one grass) was dominated by polar moieties (–OH and C–O) derived from depolymerization and fragmentation of lignocellulose. Incubation experiments under aerobic conditions with unsterilized river water suggested that Py-WSOM and associated biomarkers may have a turnover rate of the order of weeks to months, consistent with mixing and transport conditions of riverine systems. For example, pyrogenic dissolved organic carbon (Py-DOC) had a half-life of 30–40 days. Turnover rate for the combustion biomarkers was shorter, with levoglucosan and free lignin phenols having a half life around 3–4 days and polymeric lignin components 13–14 days. The latter observations contradict earlier studies of the biodegradation of dissolved lignin and point to the need for re-assessment of lignin degradation kinetics in well-mixed riverine systems, particularly when such lignin components are derived from thermally altered plant material that may exist in a form more labile than that in highly processed riverine DOM. |
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