噪声地震学方法及其应用

基于背景噪声的地震方法发展迅速, 已广泛应用于全球和区域地球内部结构研究、浅地表地质调查及油气田勘探开发.本文简要介绍了背景噪声的来源, 回顾了噪声地震学的发展历程.给出了基于背景噪声的全波场和面波格林函数恢复的公式, 较为详细综述了噪声源的分布和记录台站间距对格林函数恢复的影响.讨论了两台站互相关法和空间自相关法获取面波频散特性的区别与理论连接.对基于噪声的面波层析成像法、程函方程层析成像法、空间自相关法的原理进行了总结.介绍了噪声地震学方法在各领域特别是浅地表方面的应用现状.最后简要展望了噪声地震学的发展前景.

Methods of ambient noise-based seismology and their applications

Ambient noise-based seismology is fast expanding and has been widely applied to global and regional Earth's interior imaging, near-surface investigation, and oil and gas exploration and production. The review article briefly introduced the origins of ambient noises and traced the root and development history of ambient noise-based seismology. Based on numerous work of modeling and observation, we reviewed the effects of source distribution and station separation on Green's function retrieved for full fields and single mode surface-wave. The theoretical connection and difference between two-station correlation and spatial auto-correlation are also discussed. We then described the methods of ambient noise-based imaging, including ambient noise-based tomography, ambient noise-based eikonal tomography, and seismic interferometry or virtual source method. Finally we summarized its various but emphasizing on near-surface applications and gave an outlook for its future development.