Quaternary geomorphological evolution of the Kunlun Pass area and uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau |
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| Authors: | Yongqiu Wu Zhijiu Cui Gengnian Liu Daokai Ge Jiarun Yin Qinghai Xu Qiqing Pang |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Resources Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People''s Republic of China;2. Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, The Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100875, People''s Republic of China;3. Department of Geography, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People''s Republic of China;4. Department of Geology and Mineral Resources, China University of Geoscience, Beijing 100083, People''s Republic of China;5. Institute of Geography, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050011, People''s Republic of China;6. Hebei Geological College, Shijiazhuang 050011, People''s Republic of China;1. Gansu Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center/State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Region Environment and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;2. College of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian 710062, China;3. Key Laboratory of Western China''s Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;4. School of Environment and Development, University of Manchester, Manchester M139PL, England, UK;1. Department of Geological and Mining Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III, s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain;2. Department of Geodynamic, Complutense University, C/ José Antonio Novais, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain;3. School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK;4. Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6313, USA;1. Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China;2. Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100085, China;3. College of Geological Engineering and Surveying of Chang’an University/Key Laboratory of Western China Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering, Xi’an 710054, China;1. School of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia;2. Institute for Environmental Research, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia;1. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;2. Department of Geography, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;3. Center for Health Policy Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA;4. Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;5. Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China |
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| Abstract: | There is a set of Late Cenozoic sediments in the Kunlun Pass area, Tibetan Plateau, China. Paleomagnetic, ESR and TL dating suggest that they date from the Late Pliocene to the Early Pleistocene. Analyses of stratigraphy, sedimentary characteristic, and evolution of the fauna and flora indicate that, from the Pliocene to the early Quaternary (about 5–1.1 Ma BP), there was a relatively warm and humid environment, and a paleolake occurred around the Kunlun Pass. The elevation of the Kunlun Pass area was no more than 1500 m, and only one low topographic divide existed between the Qaidam Basin and the Kunlun Pass Basin. The geomorphic pattern in the Kunlun Pass area was influenced by the Kunlun–Yellow River Tectonic Movement 1.1–0.6 Ma BP. The Wangkun Glaciation (0.7–0.5 Ma) is the maximum Quaternary glaciation in the Pass and in other areas of the Plateau. During the glaciation, the area of the glaciers was 3–5 times larger than that of the present glacier in the Pass area. There was no Xidatan Valley that time. The extreme geomorphic changes in the Kunlun Pass area reflect an abrupt uplift of the Tibet Plateau during the Early and Middle Pleistocene. This uplift of the Plateau has significance on both the Plateau itself and the surrounding area. |
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| Keywords: | Tibet Plateau quaternary geomorphological evolution glaciation tectonic movement |
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