矿物环境属性与无机界天然自净化功能

本将矿物学研究从岩石圈拓展到水圈、大气圈、生物圈与土壤圈之间交互作用的矿物环境属性范畴，研究表明，矿物可成为记录环境演变信息的载体；防止矿物的破坏与分解有可能减少甚至避免由此所造成的对人体健康的影响与生态环境的破坏；矿物与生物交互作用的研究与天然矿物治理污染物的是建立在充分利用自然规律的基础之上，体现了天然自净化作用的特色。天然矿物对污染物的净化功能主要体现在环境矿物材料基本性能方面。天然铁的硫化物，铁的氧化物，锰的氧化物、钛的氧化物。蛭石，有机蒙脱石和含高价阳离子蒙脱石，以及黄钾铁矾等均在处理无机与有机污染物方面展现出良好效果，矿物与其环境界面原子尺度相互作用过程研究，矿物内部结构缺陷影响矿物表面活性规律研究，矿物晶体结构中不同维次连通性孔道效应研究,矿物化学活性作发化污染物方法研究，以及矿物晶芽与生物细胞层次上交互作用净化污染物机理研究等，将是近期着力开发无机界矿物天然自净化功能的重点研究内容。

Environmental Properties of Minerals and Natural Self-purification of Inorganic Minerals

The investigation of environmental property of mineral i.e. environmental mineralogy is a branch of science dealing with interactions between natural minerals and spheres of the Earth surface as well as reflection of global change, prevention of ecological destroy, remediation of environmental pollution and participation in biomineralogy. Natural minerals actually become information carriers of recording global changes. There is negative effect to human hearth and living environment by destroy and decomposition of minerals derived from human life and production activities. Meanwhile, environmental properties of preventable decomposition of minerals can be used to decrease or avoid the negative effect. It is a vivid intersect research on interaction of biomineralization, especially on mechanisms of the interaction at nano scale. Pollutant treatment by natural minerals is based on the law of nature and reflects natural self-purification function in the inorganic world, similar to that of the organic world- biological treatment. Mineralogical method and biological method are well matched in pollutants disposal and jointly constitute a natural system of self-purification in terms of pollution treatment and environmental remediation in the spheres of interaction between mankind and the earth surface. The purification function of natural minerals for reducing pollutants is reflected mainly in the basic properties of environmental mineral materials. A series of case studies related to the natural self-purification, which were mostly completed by our group, are discussed in the paper. They are embodied by some natural minerals of pyrite, pyrrhotite, magnetite, goethite, cryptomelane, rutile, vermiculite, montmorillonite and jarosite and so on to disposal contaminants of heavy metals of Cr, Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Co and Ni etc. or to degrade volatile organic compounds in water, air and soil. Further research should be to reveal the subtle process of interaction on the interface of contaminants and minerals on the atomic level, to make the law to deal with the defects of crystal structure dominating the surface adsorption of contaminants, to discuss the microporous effect of the crystals connected with filtrating contaminants and to establish the mechanism that the effect of mineral chemical activity can purify contaminants as well as to bring forward the theory to disposal heavy metal ions by the interaction between minerals and bacteria.