水文地质学的新概念及其生态问题

水文地质学最初是由地质学及水文学相结合而形成的一门学科，它基本上采用地质学的研究方法。从本世纪７０年代中期开始，研究地下水的水文地质学已逐渐变为研究地下水圈的学科。地下水圈是指地壳内部的统一的含水系统，它包含有相互作用的不同状态和形式的Ｈ２Ｏ。近年来，一些新理论的引入，拓宽了原有水文地质学的概念，使之从对现象的研究转向为对过程及其规律的研究。水文地质学传统的和新的问题应在适当的工程标准上予以解决，同时应重视其生态效应。水是地球内部具有高度流动性的物质，因此，人类活动对岩石圈的影响将首先导致水文地质条件的变化，并进而引起地下水圈的污染、水的枯竭及自然条件的恶化。文章主要论述生态水文地质学研究的目的、原则及生态水文地质系统的体系。生态水文地质学研究的目的是提出管理地下水圈体系及其质量状态的方法。

A RECENT CONCEPT OF HYDROGEOLOGY AND ITS ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS

Hydrogeology as a science originated from the principles of geology and hydrology in combination.with employment of geological methods of research. Being a science that deals with groundwaters, hydrogeology has turned,in the last quarter of XXth century, into a science of subsurface hydrosphere,which presents a common aquiferous systemof the Earth's interior, with different phases and states of H2O interacting. In recent years the concept of hydrogeology has been broadened by addition of some new theories:thus the knowledge of phenomena has been converted into the study of processes and theirlaws.The traditional and new problems of hydrogeology should be solved at an appropriateengineering level. with emphasis on ecological consequences. Water is a highly mobilecomponent of the earth'S interior.so its technological influence upon lithosphere results,in the first instance.in changing of hydrogeological conditions. Consequently, contamination and exhaustion of subsurface hydrosphere as well as degradation of natural conditionstake place.This paper deals with the aims and principles of ecologic--hydrogeological research as well as with the hierarchy of ecologic--hydrogeolgoical systems. The purpose ofthese researches is to develop measures for management of the regime and qualitative stateof subsurface hydrosphere.