基于观测资料的我国天气现象时空分布分析

利用全国576个台站1961—2010年天气现象观测资料,对34种天气现象年平均发生频率、昼夜分布特征、代表性天气现象和区域代表站天气现象的发生情况等进行了统计分析。结果表明:雨、露、结冰、阵雨、轻雾、霜、雷暴天气现象的年平均发生频率较高，极光、龙卷、雪暴等天气现象的年平均发生频率极低。近年来，雾的发生呈缓慢下降趋势，轻雾呈缓慢上升趋势，霾在2000年后快速发展，且发生地点逐步扩大。天气现象的发生具有一定的地域性，但各地多发天气现象的前20种基本相似，仅发生频率排序不同。

Spatio Temporal Distribution of Weather Phenomena in China

The average frequency, characteristics of circadian distribution, representative weather events of 34 kinds of weather phenomena and the observed weather phenomena at regional representative stations are analyzed by using the observation data from 576 stations during 1961-2010. The results show that rain, dew, freezing, shower, mist and frost have higher annual average frequency, while polar lights, tornado and snowstorm etc. do not occur very often. In recent years, the occurrence of fog is in a slowly decreasing trend but mist increases gradually. Haze has become more since 2000 and the hit area is enlarged more and more. The occurrence of weather events has regional characteristics, but the top 20 types in different areas are similar, only the rank of the frequency is different.