California condor associated with spruce-jack pine woodland in the late Pleistocene of New York |
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| Authors: | David W Steadman Norton G Miller |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, N10W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan;2. Lake Biwa Museum, 1091 Oroshimo, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-0001, Japan;3. Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, N10W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan;1. Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Department of Environmental Studies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania;2. Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University Lüneburg, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany;3. FuturES Research Center, Leuphana University Lüneburg, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany;4. Ecotransilvania Association, Sighisoara, Romania;1. Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), 43007 Tarragona, Spain;2. Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Avinguda de Catalunya 35, 43002 Tarragona, Spain;3. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, c. José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain;4. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain;5. Grupo de Estudos para a Prehistoria do Noroeste Ibérico, Arqueoloxía, Antigüidade e Territorio (GEPN-AAT), Dpto de Historia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Praza da Universidade 1, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;6. Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;1. Abteilung für Paläontologie und Evolutionsforschung, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe, Erbprinzenstr. 13, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany;2. Institut für Geowissenschaften, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;3. Instituto de la Prehistoria de las Américas, Carretera Federal 307, Km 282, 77711 Solidaridad, Quintana Roo, Mexico;4. Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Friedensplatz 1, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany;5. Área de Prehistoria y Evolución del Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Investigación Científica, 04510 Coyacán, D.F., Mexico;6. Museo del Desierto, Carlos Abedrop Dávila 3745, Nuevo Centro Metropolitano de Saltillo, 25022 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico;7. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, carretera federal 307, km 128, 77710 Tulúm, Quintana Roo, Mexico;1. Glendale Community College, 6000 W Olive Avenue, Glendale, AZ, 85302, USA;2. Cogstone Resource Management, Inc., 1518 W. Taft Avenue, Orange, CA, 92865, USA;3. Department of Biology, California State University, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA, 92407, USA |
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| Abstract: | A humerus, coracoid, and pedal phalanx of the California Condor, Gymnogyps californianus, were recovered from the Hiscock Site in western New York, in an inorganic stratum containing wood that is 11,000 radiocarbon years old. Associated vertebrates include mastodont, wapiti, and caribou. Pollen and plant macrofossils from the sediments indicate a spruce-jack pine woodland and a local, herb-dominated wetland community. Historic records (all from western North America) and previous late Pleistocene fossils of the California Condor are associated mainly with warm-temperate climates and floras. The New York fossils show that this bird was able to live in a colder climate and in a boreal, coniferous setting at a time when appropriate food (large mammal carrion) was available. The California Condor, which survives only in captivity, has suffered a greater reduction in geographical range than previously suspected. Much of this reduction in range probably occurred ca. 11,000 yr B.P. when the extinction many North American large mammals resulted in severely reduced availability of food for the California Condor and other large scavenging birds. |
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