Sedimentology of early Pliocene sandstones in the south-western Taiwan foreland: Implications for basin physiography in the early stages of collision |
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| Authors: | Sébastien Castelltort Stefan Nagel Frédéric Mouthereau Andrew Tien-Shun Lin Andreas Wetzel Boris Kaus Sean Willett Shao-Ping Chiang Wei-Yi Chiu |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland;2. UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7193, Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France;3. CNRS, UMR 7193, Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France;4. Department of Earth Sciences, National Central University, 300 Jungda Road, Chungli, Taoyuan, Taiwan;5. Geological – Paleontological Institute, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 32, 4056 Basel, Switzerland;1. Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources, China University of Geosciences, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China;2. School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China;3. Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78713, USA;4. China National Offshore Oil Corporation Research Institute, Beijing, 100028, China;1. Institute of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taiwan;2. Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan;3. Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taiwan;4. Central Geological Survey, MOEA, Taiwan;1. Institute of Geographical Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Malteserstr. 74–100, 12249 Berlin, Germany;2. Institute of Applied Geology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Str. 70; A-1190 Vienna, Austria;3. Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics, Section 3: Geochronology and Isotope Hydrology, Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hannover, Germany;4. Soil Geography and Landscape Group & Netherlands Centre for Luminescence Dating, Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands;5. Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 1–55, Taipei 115, Taiwan;1. SE Asia Research Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom;2. University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;1. Center for Environmental Studies, National Central University, Taiwan;2. Department of Earth Sciences, National Central University, Taiwan;3. Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taiwan;1. Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan;2. Ocean Center, National Taiwan University, Taiwan;3. Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany;4. Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan |
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| Abstract: | This work presents sedimentological observations and interpretations on three detailed sections of the Pliocene Yutengping/Ailiaochiao formations, deposited in the early stages of collision in Taiwan. Seven facies associations record paleoenvironments of deposition ranging from nearshore to lower offshore with a strong influence of tidal reworking, even in shelfal sub-tidal environments, and a pro-delta setting characterized by mass-flows. The association of shallow facies of the upper offshore to lower shoreface with pro-delta turbidite facies sourced in the orogen to the east suggests a peculiar setting in which turbidite deposition occurred below wave base but on the shelf, in water depths of probably less than 100 m. This adds to the examples of “shallow turbidites” increasingly commonly found in foreland basins and challenges the classical view of a “deep” early underfilled foreland basin. Time series analysis on tidal rhythmites allow us to identify a yearly signal in the form of periodic changes of sand-supply, energy and bioturbation that suggests a marked seasonality possibly affecting precipitation and sediment delivery as well as temperature. The Taiwan foreland basin may also present a potentially high-resolution record in shallow sediments of the early installation of monsoonal circulation patterns in east Asia. We confirm partly the paleogeography during the early stages of collision in Taiwan: the Chinese margin displayed a pronounced non-cylindrical geometry with a large basement promontory to the west in place of the modern Taiwan mountain range. Collision in Taiwan may have happened at once along the whole length of the modern mountain range, instead of progressively from north to south as classically considered. |
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