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Solar cycle evolution of the heliospheric magnetic field: The Ulysses legacy
Authors:EJ Smith
Institution:1. Department of Physical Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu 90401, Finland;2. Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory (Oulu unit), University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland;3. Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741252, West Bengal, India;4. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307-3000, USA;1. Ciencias Espaciales, Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, Mexico;2. SCiESMEX, Instituto de Geofísica, Unidad Michoacán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico;1. Universidade do Vale do Paraíba /IP & D, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil;2. Haystack Observatory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Westford, Massachusetts, USA;3. Department of Physics, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria;4. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil;5. Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA), Divisão de Ciências Fundamentais, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil;6. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina;7. S.H College Thevara, Kochi-13, Mahatma Gandhi University, India;1. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Address, Upton, NY 11973, USA;2. STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;1. Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea;3. School of Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
Abstract:Important contributions of Ulysses to understanding the solar cycle evolution of the heliospheric magnetic field (HMF) and solar wind are reviewed: a dramatic reorientation of the HMF as the solar dipole rotates between axial and equatorial orientations; solar cycle variation of the total heliospheric magnetic flux and its response to changes in solar magnetic fields; the unusual on-going solar minimum and its effects; a connection between magnetic flux and solar wind mass flux in the heliosphere and at the source; a recurrent north–south heliospheric asymmetry at solar minimum and the equatorial offset of the solar magnetic dipole.
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